Formulation and Characterization of Nanoemulsion-Based Drug Delivery System of Risperidone

Preparation and in vitro/ex vivo evaluation of nanoemulsion for transnasal delivery of paliperidone

“…Viscosity of all formulated NE formulations was very low which is shown in Table 2. Low viscosity values ensure easy handling, packing and hasslefree administration of formulations (Kumar et al 2009;Lalani et al 2014;Patel et al 2013a, b).…”

“…Polycarbophil has been studied extensively as mucoadhesive platform for drug delivery to the nasal mucosa (Kumar et al 2009;Lalani et al 2014;Patel et al 2013a, b) in a concentration of 0.5 % w/w. This anionic polymer is most widely employed mucoadhesive polymer within pharmaceutical formulation due to its high mucoadhesive functionality and low toxicity.…”

“…Polydispersity index (PDI) is a measure of globule homogeneity and it varies from 0.0 to 1.0. Polydispersity is the ratio of standard deviation to mean globule size; hence, it indicates the uniformity of globule size within the formulation (Kumar et al 2009;Lalani et al 2014;Patel et al 2013a, b). The polydispersity index was found to be between 0.129 and 0.263 for formulations PNE1-PNE10 (Table 2).…”

“…Polycarbophil form easily modified networks, is a non-irritant, non-toxic and considered safe for use by FDA. Thus, polycarbophil was selected as mucoadhesive polymer and incorporated in optimized NE formulations (PNE4, PNE5 and PNE6) at 0.5 % w/v concentration (Barakat et al 2006;Karasulu et al 2008;Kumar et al 2009) to obtain PALI loaded mucoadhesive NE formulations (PMNE4, PMNE5 and PMNE6). Characterization parameters for optimized PALI mucoadhesive NEs are shown in Table 3.…”

“…The excised superior nasal membrane was then mounted on the diffusion cell (diameter of 10 mm and mucosa thickness 0.2 ± 0.1 mm). The tissue was stabilized using phosphate buffer (pH 5) in both the compartments and allowed to stir for 15 min on a magnetic stirrer (Kumar et al 2009;Lalani et al 2014;Patel et al 2013a, b).…”