Formulation and characterization of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium dendrimer in poly(methyl methcarylate) bone cement

Abstract

The use of novel antimicrobial molecules in bone cement can improve efficiency of recuperation after arthroplasty or joint replacement surgeries, avoiding the risks associated with antibiotic resistant antimicrobial agents. Nanomaterials particularly dendrimers are particularly useful for making broad spectrum killing agents owing to their large surface areas and functionalities. Therefore, we have synthesized generation 1 quaternary ammonium dendrimer of tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) using octyl iodide (OI) [TPGDA G1.0 (=) quaternary octyl iodide (QOI)] and capitalized on their capabilities of contact killing based mechanism. We formulated different TPGDA G1.0 (=) QOI antimicrobial agent loaded liquid component composed of methyl methacrylate monomer and N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine coinitiator. Different polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based experimental bone cement formulations were made and dendrimer concentration was optimized. Mechanical strength and compressive modulus of modified bone cement decreased on increasing concentrations and 10% was optimized for further analysis. The mechanical strength of bone cement yield the similar trend in wet conditions bone cement immersed in artificially created stimulated body fluids. Ten percent TPGDA G1.0 (=) QOI in bone cement was sufficient to kill gram positive and negative bacteria and its property is retained even after a period of 30 days. Thus novel dendritic structures show promise for clinical antimicrobial activity while retaining mechanical properties of bone cements. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 521-530, 2017.

Polyethyleneimine and Chitosan Polymer-Based Mucoadhesive Liquid Crystalline Systems Intended for Buccal Drug Delivery

“…However, when the cationic PEI polymer is incorporated into the Oleic Acid (1)) water, (2)) chitosan (CS), (3)) polyethyleneimine (PEI)), and (4)) PEI + QS. TLS, transparent liquid system; TVS, transparent viscous system; OS, opaque system; and PS, phase separation system, increases in viscosity may occur due to the increase in the total positive charge of the system (31). Thus, with the addition of polymers to the aqueous phase of the system, a decrease in the extent of phase separation is observed, indicating that polymer addition led to a decrease in the coalescence of the system, as has previously been noted (32).…”

Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art, toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance

“…The specific spherical-shaped structure provides high surface functional group concentration [295]. Hyperbranched QAC-functionalized tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) dendrimers have been incorporated into bone cements due to their large number of QA functionalities [208]. The modified cement can kill up to 10 8 CFU/mL of common hospital-acquired bacteria such as E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by contactkilling, with sustained bactericidal activity over a 30-day period.…”

Bone tissue regeneration: biology, strategies and interface studies

“…Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement, consisting of Ag NPs (about 50 nm), completely prevented the propagation of Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillinresistant S. epidermidis (MRSE), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), while PMMA bone cement contained 2% of gentamicin sulfate avoided only the propagation of S. epidermidis (Abid et al 2017). In additional research, an antibacterial HA NPs scaffold was created, and antibacterial properties were attained by the addition of Ag NPs.…”

“…The ceramic biomaterials may be abrasive and consequently, it is crucial to avoid them in uncontrolled damage neighboring to articular surfaces. Bioglass ionic extracts and surface exchanges stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and the fabrication of the primary phenotypic biomarkers (Abid et al 2017(Abid et al , 2016.…”