Formulation and Characterization of a Thalidomide Analogue in Nanoemulsion System

Tawfik, Noran M.; Teiama, Mohammed; Iskandar, Sameh Samir; Osman, Ahmed; Hammad, Sherif F.

doi:10.18178/ijpmbs.11.2.43-47

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“…We aimed to expand on the results of our previous study, 52 Scheme 1 represents the synthesis steps of a novel TA, where N-aminonaphthalimide reacts with Furan-2-carboxaldehyde in the presence of absolute ethyl alcohol and acetic anhydride. The mixture was kept under reflux at 90°C with stirring for 6 h. The reaction mixture was left to cool down at room temperature until a precipitate was formed.…”

Section: Ta Synthesis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Nanoemulsion Formula for an Improved Delivery of a Thalidomide Analogue to Triple-Negative Breast Cancer; Synthesis, Formulation, Characterization and Molecular Studies

Tawfik¹,

Teiama²,

Iskandar³

et al. 2023

IJN

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Background: Thalidomide (THD) and its analogues were recently reported as a promising treatment for different types of solid tumors due to their antiangiogenic effect. Methods: In this work, we synthesized a novel THD analogue (TA), and its chemistry was confirmed with different techniques such as IR, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis as well as 1 H and 13 C NMR. To increase solubility and anticancer efficacy, a new oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsion (NE) was used in the formulation of the analogue. The novel formula's surface charge, size, stability, FTIR, FE-TEM, in vitro drug release and physical characteristics were investigated. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were conducted to predict the possible binding modes and molecular interactions behind the inhibitory activities of the THD and TA. Results: TA showed a significant cytotoxic activity with IC 50 ranging from 0.326 to 43.26 µmol/mL when evaluated against cancerous cells such as MCF-7, HepG2, Caco-2, LNCaP and RKO cell lines. The loaded analogue showed more potential cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7-ADR cell lines with IC 50 values of 0.0293 and 0.0208 nmol/mL, respectively. Moreover, flow cytometry of cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were performed showing a suppression in the expression levels of TGF-β, MCL-1, VEGF, TNF-α, STAT3 and IL-6 in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Conclusion:The novel NE formula dramatically reduced the anticancer dosage of TA from micromolar efficiency to nanomolar efficiency. This indicates that the synthesized analogue exhibited high potency in the NE formulation and proved its efficacy against triple-negative breast cancer cell line.

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Section: Ta Synthesis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%