Formulation a modern chemotherapeutic drug of Ziziphora clinopodides Lam leaf aqueous extract conjugated cadmium nanoparticles and analysis of their anti-acute myeloid leukemia potentials in comparison to Daunorubicin in leukemic mouse and cellular models: Antidiabetic and Anticholinergics Potentials

Abstract

In this study, the anti-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) effects of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam leaf aqueous extract conjugated cadmium nanoparticles (CdNPs) were compared with daunorubicin as a common chemotherapeutic drug. To synthesize CdNPs, Z. clinopodioides aqueous extract was combined with Cd(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O. For analyzing CdNPs, SEM, UV-Vis. spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and Energy dispersing X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared techniques were used. In FE-SEM images of CdNPs, the diameter of particle dimension was on means of 26.78 nm. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-AML effects of Cd(NO 3 ) 2 , Z. clinopodioides, Daunorubicin, CdNPs and MTT assay was used on the human AML cell lines. The IC50 of the cadmium nanoparticles was 168, 205 and 210 µg/mL against Murine C1498, 32D/FLT3-ITD and Human HL-60/vcr cell lines, respectively. In vivo study, CdNPs like daunorubicin ameliorated importantly (P≤0.01) the biochemical, WBC, RBC, inflammatory, platelet, stereological, histopathological and cellular-molecular parameters compared to the other groups. As mentioned, the cadmium nanoparticles had significant anti-AML effects. After approving the above eventuate in the clinical trial studies, these cadmium nanoparticles could be used in humans as a chemotherapeutic medicament for the treatment of AML. Additionally, the novel nanoparticles (Cd(NO 3 ) 2 and CdNPs) were good inhibitors of the α-glycosidase, and cholinesterase enzymes.