“…Several precious metals like platinum (Pt), iridium oxide (IrO 2 ), and ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 ) have been studied, but they suffer the problems of high cost and relative scarcity, limiting their widespread use [9]. Moreover, many other metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, and their complexes based on Ni, Fe, Mo, Co, Cu, and Mn have been investigated for efficient water-splitting activity [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, there are still many challenging issues to overcome like high overpotential, complicated synthesis processes, low current density, and electrochemical stability in acidic and alkaline media.…”