Formula Feeds for Channel Catfish

Hastings, W. H.; Dupree, H.K.

doi:10.1577/1548-8640(1969)31[187:fffcc]2.0.co;2

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“… Gross energy (GE) = (CP × 5.6) + (EE × 9.44) + (Hastings & Dupree are ) (CF × 4.1) + (NFE × 4.1) Kcal per 100 g (NRC ). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ash content was determined by incinerating the samples in a muffle furnace at 600°C for 6 h. Crude fibre was determined after sequential digestion of sample with H 2 SO 4 and NaOH in Fibretec (Foss Tecator 2022; Sweden). The total nitrogen‐free extract (NFE; Hastings & Dupree ) and gross energy (NRC ) were determined by the formulae;

NFE (%) = 100 - (Crude protein + Ether extract + Ash + Fibre + Moisture)

Gross energy false(kcal {100 normalg}^{- 1} false) = Crude protein false(% false) \times 5.6 + Crude lipid false(% false) \times 9.44 + Crude fibre false(% false) \times 4.1 + NFE false(% false) \times 4.1

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of dietary supplementation of periphyton on growth, immune response and metabolic enzyme activities inPenaeus monodon

et al. 2014

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A 60‐day indoor trial was conducted to study the effect of periphyton supplementation on metabolic and immune responses in tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Periphyton developed over bamboo substrate in outdoor tanks (15 m2) was used as dietary supplement for P. monodon (2.02 ± 0.04 g) reared in 1000 L FRP tanks. Graded levels of periphyton were included in shrimp basal diets: 0% (P0), 3% (P3), 6% (P6), 9% (P9) and P0 diet with natural periphyton (NP) over bamboo substrate. At the end of the trial, P6 and NP showed significantly higher (P < 0.01) growth rate, 23.9% and 20%, respectively, compared with control, P0. Comparatively, lower level of metabolic enzymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, was recorded in treatments P3, P6 and NP compared with control, P0. The periphyton‐supplemented group, P3 had significantly higher (P < 0.05) superoxide dismutase (15.83 ± 0.96) and catalase activity (15.73 ± 0.69) compared to 6.88 ± 2.84 and 9.15 ± 0.67 unit mg−1 protein min−1, respectively, in P0. Similarly, higher total haemocyte counts, 32.58 ± 1.30, 28.51 ± 3.12 and 27.26 ± 4.43 × 106 cells mL−1, were recorded in P6, NP and P3, respectively, compared to P0, 23.57 ± 1.80 × 106 cells mL−1. After challenge with Vibrio harveyi, P3 recorded the highest relative percentage survival 67% followed by NP (58%) and P6 (42%) compared with control. However, treatment with highest periphyton inclusion (P9) did not differ significantly with P0 on growth and immunological parameters. This study indicates that periphyton supplementation at 3–6% level improves growth, immune response and metabolic activities in P. monodon.

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“… Gross energy (GE) = (CP × 5.6) + (EE × 9.44) + (Hastings & Dupree are ) (CF × 4.1) + (NFE × 4.1) Kcal per 100 g (NRC ). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NFE (%) = 100 - (Crude protein + Ether extract + Ash + Fibre + Moisture)

Gross energy false(kcal {100 normalg}^{- 1} false) = Crude protein false(% false) \times 5.6 + Crude lipid false(% false) \times 9.44 + Crude fibre false(% false) \times 4.1 + NFE false(% false) \times 4.1

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary supplementation of periphyton on growth, immune response and metabolic enzyme activities inPenaeus monodon

et al. 2014

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“…Ash content was determined by incinerating the samples in a muffle furnace at 600°C for 6 h. Crude fibre was determined based on the weight loss on ignition of the oven‐dried residue remaining after sequential digestion of a sample with H 2 SO 4 and NaOH solution using Fibrecap (Foss Tecator 2022, Sweden). Total nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) was determined as per the formula described in Hastings and Dupree (1969).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broodstock development and captive maturation of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in a brackishwater pond‐based system

Anand

Mukherjee

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Biology

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Successful captive broodstock development of clupeid fish, hilsa, is one of the major challenges for the artificial propagation of this economically valued fish. The present study provides novel insights into the pond‐reared captive broodstock development of hilsa using artificial feed. In the present study, wild collected hilsa fry (weight 1.35 ± 0.13 g, length 53.84 ± 0.95 mm) were reared in grow‐out ponds for 6 months followed by maintaining them as broodstock in other ponds using formulated feed in both cases. After 6 months of pond rearing, the average body weight and length of fish were 66.76 ± 4.53 g and 184.75 ± 3.65 mm, respectively. In broodstock ponds, hilsa subadults fed with formulated feed (crude protein 41.06%) ensured significant advancement in ovarian maturity with gonado somatic index of 9.09%, enhanced secondary yolk stage oocytes of 91.66% and enlargement of oocyte diameters up to 570 μm. The broodstock reached somatic growth such as average body weight and average body length of 383.80 ± 27.38 g and 339.33 ± 9.68 mm, respectively, with a condition factor of 1.06 ± 0.15. Gut content analysis revealed the better acceptability of the artificial feed. Lipid profiling of muscle and ovary during gonadal maturation revealed mobilization of fat from muscle to ovary and selective retention of some fatty acids (i.e., C14:0, C18:0, C20:5, C22:6 and C20:4) in the ovary, which might help in gonadal maturation. Statement of Significance Successful rearing of wild‐caught hilsa juvenile in captive condition using formulated feed showed its potential as aquaculture species in low saline conditions. Advance stage of maturation in low saline captive conditions showed the possibility for induced breeding of hilsa, a high priced anadromous fish. Mobilization of fat from muscle to ovary and selective retention of some fatty acids in the ovary showed the scope of dietary manipulation for broodstock development of hilsa.

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“…The need for vitamins was apparently related to stocking density in that, as density intensified, demand for vitamins exceeded what could be provided from feedstuffs and natural foods. These researchers also provided valuable insight into factors affecting feed processing, as well as the effect of processing on the finished product (W. H. Hastings, , , ; W. Hastings & Dupree, ). They indicated that pellet stability could be improved by grinding ingredients prior to pelleting and by including organic flours in the formulation.…”

Section: Mid‐1950s To Mid‐1970smentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, nutrition in the United States: A historical perspective

Robinson

2019

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Although a concerted effort in catfish nutrition research in the United States did not begin until the late 1950s/early 1960s, the genesis of both the catfish industry and catfish nutrition research is rooted in studies conducted early in the 20th century. Thus, a historical view delineating the progression of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, nutrition from 1900 to the present is given. Notable nutrition research programs, as well as significant events and accomplishments, will be examined. K E Y W O R D S channel catfish, diet development, history, nutrition, research J World Aquacult Soc. 2020;51:93-118.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jwas 93 feedstuff or, at best, crude mixtures of animal and plant materials. Early feeding trials were rather unrefined and were conducted largely on a trial-and-error basis. This was not ideal, but it was the only practical approach as nutritional data were essentially nonexistent. After all, a feedstuff or mixture of feedstuffs contained a variety of essential nutrients and energy albeit not necessarily in the correct amounts or proportions. Results were often unpublished, or if disseminated, it was frequently by personal communication or in local publications. This would begin to change as early as the mid-1930s with the establishment of a fish production research program in Alabama, and later in several other states. By the late 1950s, research demonstrated that commercial catfish farming was feasible, and by 1969, there were about 16,000 ha in production. Commercial feeds were available, but it was evident that higher-quality feeds were necessary. Thus, new research initiatives were implemented, and from 1970 onward, significant advancements were made in catfish nutrition, primarily by institutions in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. Historically, the development of catfish nutrition loosely paralleled the development of the industry, and thus, this narrative is divided into eras that roughly correspond to periods of industry growth.

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Formula Feeds for Channel Catfish

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of dietary supplementation of periphyton on growth, immune response and metabolic enzyme activities inPenaeus monodon

Effect of dietary supplementation of periphyton on growth, immune response and metabolic enzyme activities inPenaeus monodon

Broodstock development and captive maturation of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in a brackishwater pond‐based system

Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, nutrition in the United States: A historical perspective

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