Formula Feeds for Channel Catfish

Hastings, W. H.; Dupree, H.K.

doi:10.1577/1548-8640(1970)32[46:fffcc]2.0.co;2

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Feed producers want to provide the minimum level of protein that will supply essential amino acids to give acceptable growth of fish. Data from previous studies indicated that optimal levels of protein for channel catfish were between 25 and 45% (Hastings and Dupree 1969;Page and Andrews 1973;Brown and Robinson 1989). This range may be due to differences in experimental conditions (feeding method and stocking density), size of fish, and culture conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Protein Level and Feeding Frequency on Growth and Body Composition of Cage-Reared Channel Catfish

Webster

Tidwell

Yancey

1992

The Progressive Fish-Culturist

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Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fingerlings were stocked in eight 1.25‐m3 floating cages at densities of 320 fish/m3 and fed to satiety once or twice daily for 105 d with diets containing either 34 or 38% protein. Experimental diets were formulated by a commercial feed mill with recommended levels of essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Fish fed a diet containing 38% protein had significantly (P < 0.05) higher total length, individual weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate than fish fed a diet containing 34% protein. Feeding frequency (feeding fish once or twice daily) did not affect growth and body composition, but did affect dressing percentage; fish fed twice daily had a higher (P < 0.05) percentage than those fed once daily. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found when body composition was analyzed in relation to dietary protein level, feeding frequency, and their interaction. These data indicate that channel catfish reared in cages may require a diet with a higher percentage of protein (38%) than fish reared in ponds and that feeding more than once daily is not beneficial.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is increasing concern in aquaculture with the amount of fat in cultured fish. Two decades ago, formulated diets contained 35% protein (P) and 2.8 kcal digestible energy (DE) per gram diet (Hastings and Dupree 1969). Commercial diets now contain 32% protein and 3.0 kcal DE/g diet (Reis et al 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Protein Level and Feeding Frequency on Growth and Body Composition of Cage-Reared Channel Catfish

Webster

Tidwell

Yancey

1992

The Progressive Fish-Culturist

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“…Gross energy was determined as per NRC (1993). Total nitrogen free extract (NFE) was determined according to Hastings and Dupree (1969). …”

Section: Proximate Composition Of Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofloc based technology evaluation for nutrient dense culture system for nursery and grow-out farming of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

et al. 2017

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The concept of "biofloc technology" is changing the facet of intensive aquaculture with scope to attain high productivity in a sustainable manner. In biofloc, dense heterotrophic bacterial community is developed through C:N ratio manipulation, where the system becomes bacterial dominated rather than algae dominated and takes care of the wastes generated through in situ bioremediation. Protein is utilised in two ways; as feed for the shrimp and as microbial floc when the heterotrophic microbes convert the nitrogenous wastes into protein. It also promises a healthy rearing system, which is increasingly identified as one possible solution for disease problems especially those striking at early stages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofloc and periphyton technology (BPT) on the growth and immunomodulatory performance of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei during nursery and grow-out culture. The experimental BPT treatments with three tier substrate system with molasses as carbohydrate (CHO) source were compared with the conventional autotrophic system. The immunomodulation and cumulative percentage mortality upon challenge with pathogenic strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were assessed in the reared animals. We have successfully demonstrated the BPT based nursery and growout systems for P. vannamei with the advantage of providing significantly (p<0.05) better growth (27.6% improvement in average body weight, ABW) and feed utilisation (31% improvement in feed conversion ratio, FCR). A production level of 4-4.5 kg m -3 of water was achieved through this BPT system registering a significant improvement over the conventional system (p<0.05). The cumulative percentage mortality following pathogen challenge was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the biofloc grown shrimps compared to that of the control group, thus showing better resistance to pathogenic challenge. Furthermore, the biofloc reared shrimp did exhibit significant improvement in non-specific immune response in terms of serum phenoloxidase activity and total haemocyte counts possibly suggesting potential immunostimulatory role of the biofloc associated heterotrophic bacteria. This eco-based technology as revealed through our studies brings substantial improvement in productivity, minimising water requirement, recycling in situ nutrients and organic matter in turn improving farm biosecurity, augmentation of natural food, improvement of FCR and better health of the cultured shrimp.

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“…Ash content was determined by incinerating the samples in a muffle furnace at 600 °C for 6 h. Crude fiber was determined based on the weight loss on ignition of the oven dried residue remaining after sequential digestion of a sample with H 2 SO 4 and NaOH solution using Fibretec (Foss Tecator 2022, Sweden). Total nitrogen free extract (NFE) was determined as per the formula described in Hastings and Dupree (1969). NFE (%) =100 -(Crude protein + Ether extract + Ash + Fiber + Moisture) Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were prepared by transesterification for gas chromatography according to Coutteau and Sorgeloos (1995) and identified by a gas chromatograph equipped with temperature programmable on-column injector.…”

Section: Proximate Analysis Of Experimental Diets and Bioflocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Growth of Shrimp Aquaculture Through Biofloc Production as Alternative to Fishmeal in Shrimp Feeds

Megahed¹,

Mohamed²

2014

JAS

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As capture fisheries are now fully exploited in Egypt, aquaculture is considered the only source for meeting the demand of seafood for rapidly growing populations in Egypt. To meet these demands for seafood, aquaculture has to grow fast and to be more intensive. Fishmeal sources from capture fisheries are fully exploited and thus become costly ingredient in fish and crustacean feed formulations. The present study evaluated biofloc technology as a sustainable alternative to fishmeal in the shrimp feeds using cheap carbon source for stimulation of the microbial biofloc growth, in addition to reduce protein content of the shrimp feeds. The shrimp were fed on three different diets (Control 45% CP, BF 25.10 and BF 30.10 ). The shrimp were cultured for 150 days. The water quality in biofloc-based pond was maintained with the promotion and development of biofloc through rice bran addition during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the total yields of the shrimp in the two biofloc treatments were significantly higher than those of the shrimp in the control group (P < 0.05). The results indicated that promoting biofloc through carbohydrate addition in culture systems could enhance growth performance and water quality of cultured shrimp under the conditions of the present study. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (P < 0.05) differed among treatments compared to control diet (1.51 ± 0.11; 1.66 ± 0.13 and 1.80 ± 0.10 for BF 25.10 ; BF 30.10 and control, respectively). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in shrimp mean final weight between treatments and control diet (37.10 ± 2.22 g; 35.31 ± 1.52 g and 33.24 ± 2.17 g for BF 25.10 ; BF 30.10 and control, respectively). Mean survival (70 ± 8.30%; 66 ± 9.10% and 57 ± 11.00%, for BF 30.10 ; BF 25.10 and control, respectively. was significantly differed among treatments compared to control diet. The data suggests that substituting high-protein (Control 45% CP) with low-protein (BF 25.10 and BF 30.10 ) feed in a biofloc dominated system operated with minimal discharge may provide an alternative to improve shrimp farming technology, through improved water quality, cheaper (lower protein) feed and reduced environmental impact. The biochemical composition of the biofloc treatments did not vary significantly. Biofloc grown on BF 25.10 had higher protein content (23 ± 7 % DW) than BF 30.10 treatment (18 ± 5 %DW). The composition of the PUFAs in the biofloc showed that the treatment of biofloc with BF 25.10 contained significantly more total n-3 PUFA and total n-6 PUFA than that with treatment of BF 30.10 . The results of the present study proofed that biofloc is a possible additional nutritious aquaculture feed for shrimp.

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Formula Feeds for Channel Catfish

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Protein Level and Feeding Frequency on Growth and Body Composition of Cage-Reared Channel Catfish

Effect of Protein Level and Feeding Frequency on Growth and Body Composition of Cage-Reared Channel Catfish

Biofloc based technology evaluation for nutrient dense culture system for nursery and grow-out farming of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

Sustainable Growth of Shrimp Aquaculture Through Biofloc Production as Alternative to Fishmeal in Shrimp Feeds

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