Formula and nomogram for the sphygmomanometric calculation of the mean arterial pressure

Meaney, Eduardo; Alva, Felix; Moguel, Rafael; Meaney, Alejandra; Alva, Juan Carlos Necoechea; Webel, Richard

doi:10.1136/heart.84.1.64

Cited by 165 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Se incluyeron en el análisis a los adultos que tuvieron datos completos de tensión arterial y a quienes reportaron haber recibido previamente el diagnóstico de HTA por parte de un médico. Se excluyeron del análisis a mujeres embarazadas (n=110) y a los participantes con valores biológicamente implausibles 13 de tensión arterial (n=188), por lo que al final quedó una muestra de 8 054 sujetos que representan a 67.8 millones de adultos de 20 años de edad o mayores.…”

Section: Participantesunclassified

Hipertensión arterial en adultos mexicanos: prevalencia, diagnóstico y tipo de tratamiento. Ensanut MC 2016

et al. 2018

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Objetivos. Describir la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en adultos, el porcentaje de ellos con diagnóstico previo y la proporción que tuvo un control adecuado. Material y métodos. Se midió la tensión arterial a 8 352 adultos que participaron en la Ensanut MC 2016. Se clasificó como hipertensos a quienes reportaron haber recibido previamente el diagnóstico de HTA, o presentaban cifras de tensión arterial sistólica (TAS) ≥140mmHg o tensión arterial diastólica (TAD) ≥90mmHg. Se consideró tensión arterial controlada cuando la TAS <140mmHg y la TAD <90mmHg. Resultados. La prevalencia de HTA en adultos fue de 25.5%, de los cuales, 40.0% desconocían tener HTA. De los hipertensos que tenían diagnóstico previo de HTA y que recibían tratamiento farmacológico (79.3%), 45.6% tuvo tensión arterial bajo control. Conclusiones. Un alto porcentaje de adultos desconocen tener HTA y de ellos casi la mitad tiene un control inadecuado. Debería evaluarse la pertinencia de los actuales programas de diagnóstico de HTA y la efectividad de sus estrategias de control.

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Section: Participantesunclassified

Hipertensión arterial en adultos mexicanos: prevalencia, diagnóstico y tipo de tratamiento. Ensanut MC 2016

et al. 2018

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“…Mean 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were calculated based on hourly averages (20). Twenty four-hour pulse pressure (PP) was defined as 24-h SBP minus 24-h DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) as 24-h DBP plus (0.412 3 24-h PP) (21). Mean daytime and nighttime SBP and DBP were calculated using measurements between 09:00 A.M. and 09:00 P.M. (.14 valid measurements were required) and between 01:00 A.M. and 06:00 A.M. (.7 valid measurements were required), respectively (18).…”

Section: Abpmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both Low and High 24-Hour Diastolic Blood Pressure Are Associated With Worse Cognitive Performance in Type 2 Diabetes: The Maastricht Study

et al. 2015

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OBJECTIVEHypertension and diabetes are both risk factors for cognitive decline, and individuals with both might have an especially high risk. We therefore examined linear and nonlinear (quadratic) associations of 24-h blood pressure (BP) with cognitive performance in participants with and without type 2 diabetes. We also tested the association of nocturnal dipping status with cognitive performance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis study was performed as part of the Maastricht Study, an ongoing populationbased cohort study. Cross-sectional associations of 24-h BP (n = 713, of whom 201 had type 2 diabetes) and nocturnal dipping status (n = 686, of whom 196 had type 2 diabetes) with performance on tests for global cognitive functioning, information processing speed, verbal memory (immediate and delayed word recall), and response inhibition were tested using linear regression analysis and adjusted for demographics, vascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, depression, and lipidmodifying and antihypertensive medication use. RESULTSAfter full adjustment, we found quadratic (inverted U-shaped) associations of 24-h diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with information processing speed (b for quadratic term = 20.0267, P < 0.01) and memory (immediate word recall: b = 20.0180, P < 0.05; delayed word recall: b = 20.0076, P < 0.01) in participants with diabetes, but not in those without. No clear pattern was found for dipping status. CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that both low and high 24-h DBP are associated with poorer performance on tests of information processing speed and memory in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Type 2 diabetes is associated with cognitive decline and dementia (1,2), but the pathological mechanisms underlying these associations are not yet clear. Proposed mechanisms include the role of vascular risk factors, such as hypertension. Some studies have shown an association of hypertension with cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer disease in individuals with diabetes (3,4). In addition, diabetes and hypertension seem to interact in their effect on cognitive decline (5) and dementia (6),

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“…During this exercise, the subjects needed to sustain a rate of O 2 consumption of at least 95% of that achieved in the initial treadmill exercise. Two or three cardiac output measurements were made using the Defares CO 2 rebreathing method [23,24], and the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; mmHg) was calculated as MAP = DBP + 0.412 (SBP -DBP), where DBP is diastolic blood pressure and SBP is systolic blood pressure [25]. Cardiac power output (CPO), expressed in watts (W), was calculated using the formula CPO = (CO × MAP) × K, where CO is the cardiac output in L/min and K the conversion factor (2.22 × 10 −3 ).…”

Section: Exercise Test and Cardiac Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GHD was confirmed with a peak GH < 3.7 μg/L in response to a stimulation test (mean 0.86 μg/L, range 0.0-3.4 μg/L). GHD patients had a significantly impaired quality of life (QoL), as assessed by the disease-specific QoL-AGHDA score (mean 20, range [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] at the time of recruitment into this study (a higher score indicating a lower self-perceived QoL). The mean IGF-1 was 11.9 nmol/L, with a range of 7.1-27.4 nmol/L.…”

Section: Subject Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Functional Reserve is Diminished in Growth Hormone‐Deficient Adults

Moisey¹,

Orme²,

Barker³

et al. 2009

Cardiovascular Therapeutics

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Various studies have shown that patients with severe growth hormone deficiency (GHD) have diverse changes in left ventricular (LV) size or performance but so far there is no direct indication of cardiac reserve ability to maintain the circulation during peak exercise. We tested the hypothesis that patients with severe GHD have reduced cardiac reserve function compared with healthy controls. Eighteen patients with severe GHD were studied and compared with 18 age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls. Peak cardiac power and cardiorespiratory fitness were investigated using noninvasive hemodynamic measurements during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Compared with matched controls, the cardiac power of GHD patients during exercise to volitional exhaustion was significantly reduced by 15% (mean ± SD: 4.4 ± 1.0 watts (W) vs. 5.2 ± 1.0 W, P = 0.02), despite attaining similar aerobic exercise peaks (VO 2max , GHD: 2390 ± 822 mL/min vs. controls: 2461 ± 872 mL/min, P = 0.80) and similar peak respiratory exchange ratios. The lower peak cardiac power could not be accounted for by peripheral alterations because both groups reached similar peak exercise systemic vascular resistances. Patients with GHD also had lower cardiac chronotropic reserve (peak heart rate: 154 ± 21 bpm vs. 174 ± 11 bpm, P = 0.001) and a lower cardiac pressure-generating capacity (systolic blood pressure [SBP] 160 ± 25 mmHg vs. 200 ± 15 mmHg, P < 0.0001). Using this robust noninvasive method of assessing functional cardiac pumping capacity we have for the first time shown that patients with severe GHD have a significantly impaired cardiac functional reserve associated with chronotropic incompetence and impaired pressure-generating capacity.

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Formula and nomogram for the sphygmomanometric calculation of the mean arterial pressure

Cited by 165 publications

References 3 publications

Hipertensión arterial en adultos mexicanos: prevalencia, diagnóstico y tipo de tratamiento. Ensanut MC 2016

Hipertensión arterial en adultos mexicanos: prevalencia, diagnóstico y tipo de tratamiento. Ensanut MC 2016

Both Low and High 24-Hour Diastolic Blood Pressure Are Associated With Worse Cognitive Performance in Type 2 Diabetes: The Maastricht Study

Cardiac Functional Reserve is Diminished in Growth Hormone‐Deficient Adults

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