Forms of iron as an indicator of pedogenesis in profiles of selected soil types of the northern area of kujawsko-pomorskie province, Poland

Różański, Szymon; Bartkowiak, Agata; Jaworska, H.

doi:10.2478/ssa-2013-0018

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Interestingly, the crystalline iron content was on average fivefold higher in the loamy than in the sandy reference topsoil (Table S4). Similar trends in crystalline iron content have been reported for Luvisols, Arenosols and Podzols in Poland (Różański et al ., ). Iron oxides are mainly part of the clay‐sized soil fraction (McFadden & Hendricks, ; Eusterhues et al ., ) and thus their effect on SOC stabilization cannot be separated from the effect of the clay content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep ploughing increases agricultural soil organic matter stocks

Alcántara¹,

Don²,

Well³

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

133

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Subsoils play an important role within the global C cycle, since they have high soil organic carbon (SOC) storage capacity due to generally low SOC concentrations. However, measures for enhancing SOC storage commonly focus on topsoils. This study assessed the long-term storage and stability of SOC in topsoils buried in arable subsoils by deep ploughing, a globally applied method for breaking up hard pans and improving soil structure to optimize crop growing conditions. One effect of deep ploughing is translocation of SOC formed near the surface into the subsoil, with concomitant mixing of SOC-poor subsoil material into the 'new' topsoil. Deep-ploughed croplands represent unique long-term in situ incubations of SOC-rich material in subsoils. In this study, we sampled five loamy and five sandy soils that were ploughed to 55-90 cm depth 35-50 years ago. Adjacent, similarly managed but conventionally ploughed subplots were sampled as reference. The deep-ploughed soils contained on average 42 ± 13% more SOC than the reference subplots. On average, 45 years after deep ploughing, the 'new' topsoil still contained 15% less SOC than the reference topsoil, indicating long-term SOC accumulation potential in the topsoil. In vitro incubation experiments on the buried sandy soils revealed 63 ± 6% lower potential SOC mineralisation rates and also 67 ± 2% lower SOC mineralisation per unit SOC in the buried topsoils than in the reference topsoils. Wider C/N ratio in the buried sandy topsoils than in the reference topsoils indicates that deep ploughing preserved SOC. The SOC mineralisation per unit SOC in the buried loamy topsoils was not significantly different from that in the reference topsoils. However, 56 ± 4% of the initial SOC was preserved in the buried topsoils. It can be concluded that deep ploughing contributes to SOC sequestration by enlarging the storage space for SOC-rich material.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep ploughing increases agricultural soil organic matter stocks

Alcántara¹,

Don²,

Well³

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

133

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“…Metal concentrations determined in dried and homogenized soil are not necessarily representative of in situ conditions. This is because the most significant uptake route of metals by soil biota and crops is via soil solution in a dissolved form, often as free metal ions which concentrations depend on actual soil chemical properties, redox potential, and local climate factors (Karczewska et al, 2011;Różań ski et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013). Soil solutions are therefore in the focus both of agricultural and environmental interest (Van Nevel et al, 2013;Volt, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and relationships between Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations in soil solutions and forest floor leachates at heavily polluted sites

Kabała

Karczewska

Medyńska‐Juraszek

2014

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Seasonal variability of Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in litter leachates and soil solutions was examined in an afforested zone surrounding a copper smelter in SW Poland. Litter leachates (with zero-tension lysimeters) and soil solutions (with MacroRhizon suction-cup samplers, installed at a depth of 25-30 cm) were collected monthly at three sites differing in contamination levels in the years 2009 and 2010 (total Cu: 2380, 439, and 200 mg kg -1 , respectively). Concentrations of Cu in the litter leachate were correlated with dissolved organic C (DOC), whereas Zn and Pb were mainly related to leachate pH. Metal concentrations in the soil solution were weakly influenced by their total content in soils and the monthly fluctuations reached 300, 600, and 700% for Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Metal concentrations in soil solutions (Cu 110-460 lg L -1 ; Zn 20-1190 lg L -1 ; Pb 0.5-36 lg L -1 ) were correlated with their contents in the litter leachates. Chemical speciation, using Visual Minteq 3.0, proved organically-complexed forms even though the correlations between metal concentrations and soil solution pH and DOC were statistically insignificant. The flux of organically-complexed metals from contaminated forest floors is believed to be a direct and crucial factor affecting the actual heavy metal concentrations and their forms in the soil solutions of the upper mineral soil horizons.Key words: soil solution / metal fluxes / heavy metals / forest litter / dissolved organic carbon / metal speciation

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“…Iron plays an important role in the classification of soils because the vertical distribution of its forms in the soil profile depends mainly on pedogenesis (Chojnicki, 2010;Różański et al, 2013;Orzechowski et al, 2018). Iron released to the environment undergoes further alterations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of iron forms in different types of black earths in the Chełmno Lake District (Northern Poland) as an indicator of soil-forming process

Pawłowski,

Kobierski

2023

Soil Sci. Ann.

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An important part of soil science research is the classifi cation of soils. Numerous soil scientists have paid special attention to various dependencies related to the content and distribution of iron forms in the soil profi le. This allows the taxonomic unit to be determined according to soil classifi cations. The research objective was to evaluate the distribution of iron forms as an indicator of soil-forming processes in four profi les of arable black earths. The research subject was soils formed from glacial sediments in the Chełmno Lake District (northern Poland). They were determined by morphological description to be Phaeozems representing four subtypes: Haplic Phaeozem, Luvic Gleyic Phaeozem, Gleyic Phaeozem and Gleyic (Cambic) Phaeozem. Soil horizons were described according to FAO guidelines. The soil samples were analysed for the content of free iron oxides (Fe d ) according to Mehra and Jackson's method, as well as the content of amorphous iron oxides, (Fe o ) according to Schwertmann's method. Based on the content of Fe d and Fe o , the content of crystalline iron oxides (Fe c ) was calculated using the formula: Fe c = Fe d -Fe o and the iron oxides activity index was calculated from the Fe o /Fe d ratio. The content of Fe t was highest in the Bt horizon of profi le II. In individual profi les, Fe d content was highest in the Bt horizon of gleyic Phaeozem and the AB horizon of gleyic (cambic) Phaeozem. In Luvic Gleyic Phaeozem and Gleyic (Cambic) Phaeozem iron was removed from the surface horizon to be accumulated in the illuvial horizon. The uniformity of content of total iron and its free iron oxides in the parent material of the analysed soils indicates its genetic homogeneity. The release of iron in the Ap horizon is characteristic of chemical weathering. The relationship between the content of Fe o and Fe d determines the degree of crystallization of free iron oxides. Based on the statistical analysis, a signifi cantly positive correlation between the content of clay fraction and all the iron forms determined was found. All the profi les were characterized by similar degrees of weathering of the soil material, which was determined on the basis of the Fe d /Fe t ratio. The soils also demonstrate a low value of iron mobilization, as confi rmed by the values of the Fe d /Fe t ratio. Determining iron forms and interpreting analysis results help in the correct classifi cation of soils, because the distribution of iron forms in soil profi les depends mainly on pedogenesis.

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Forms of iron as an indicator of pedogenesis in profiles of selected soil types of the northern area of kujawsko-pomorskie province, Poland

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Deep ploughing increases agricultural soil organic matter stocks

Deep ploughing increases agricultural soil organic matter stocks

Variability and relationships between Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations in soil solutions and forest floor leachates at heavily polluted sites

Distribution of iron forms in different types of black earths in the Chełmno Lake District (Northern Poland) as an indicator of soil-forming process

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