Forms and Functions of Affective Synchrony

Wood, Adrienne; Lipson, Jennie; Zhao, Olivia; Niedenthal, Paula M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78471-3_17

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…We show that partners engage in more emotion contagion in early encounters than they do in later encounters, even as they report feeling increasingly close to each other. This suggests emotional matching may support early affiliation and common ground building (Koban et al, 2019;Wood et al, 2021). Additionally, by separating within-and between-dyad processes and calculating emotion contagion in three ways, this work also highlights how different study design choices might lead to different conclusions about interpersonal processes.…”

Section: The Present Workmentioning

confidence: 80%

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How emotion contagion changes during friendship formation: A longitudinal conversation study

Kaiser¹,

Tong²,

Wood³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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People often match the emotion states of interaction partners, a process known as emotion contagion. Emotion contagion is considered both a by-product of shared goals and a tool for strengthening social bonds. Although cross-sectional evidence suggests emotion contagion is positively related to bond strength, few studies have investigated this relationship over the course of friendship formation. Perhaps emotion contagion increases as people become closer (a within-dyad effect), reflecting relationship closeness. Or perhaps some dyads have a stable mutual liking and a tendency towards emotion contagion that does not change over time (a between-dyad effect). Our study disentangled these two accounts. Pairs of unacquainted participants had conversations weekly for six weeks. Participants reported pre- and post-conversation emotion states, and closeness to their partner after each conversation. Emotion contagion, measured in three different ways, declined over time as dyads became interpersonally close (evidence for a within-dyad effect). This decline may indicate increased comfort with emotional divergence. Notably, dyads that reported greater average interpersonal closeness exhibited larger changes in emotion states during their conversations, aligning with previous between-dyad findings. Thus, the association between emotion contagion and friendship status depends on whether we consider change within a dyad or compare between dyads.

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Section: The Present Workmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Increased emotion contagion between two people can indirectly lead to them liking each other more (Wood et al, 2021). Contagion can serve as a signal of empathy or agreement, letting the other know that one appraises a situation in a similar way (Fischer & Manstead, 2008).…”

Section: The Bidirectional Association Between Emotion Contagion and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How emotion contagion changes during friendship formation: A longitudinal conversation study

Kaiser¹,

Tong²,

Wood³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…These results indicate that a greater amount of vocal synchrony was occurring during Phase 1 than during Phase 2. Vocal and behavioral synchrony are associated with pair bonding, group cohesion, and even empathy in natural communicative exchanges between humans (Wood et al, 2021;Lord et al, 2015;Imel et al, 2014;Xiao et al, 2013;Bowling et al, 2013) and between nonhuman animals (Ravignani, 2018;Greenfield et al, 2021;Patel et al, 2009;King and McGregor, 2016;Hausberger et al, 2020;Demartsev et al, 2022;Herzing, 2015), again suggesting that Twain was actively engaged in the turn-taking exchange with the broadcasted exemplar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To avoid any bias in defining thresholds for categorizing a match, the other measure was the absolute difference in the ratio between Twain and the previous exemplar for each E-T pair as a second metric of discrepancy in latency matching. These metrics were included because such matching represents a type of behavioral synchronization, which is known to be an important feature in human and nonhuman animal communication (Wood et al, 2021; Bowling et al, 2013; Oesch, 2019; Imel et al, 2014; Lord et al, 2015; Xiao et al, 2013; Ravignani, 2018; Greenfield et al, 2021; Patel et al, 2009; King and McGregor, 2016; Hausberger et al, 2020; Demartsev et al, 2022; Herzing, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Bioacoustic Playback as a Tool for Detecting and Exploring Nonhuman Intelligence: “Conversing” with an Alaskan Humpback Whale

McCowan

Hubbard

Walker

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Here we report on a rare and opportunistic acoustic "conversation" with an adult female humpback whale, known as Twain, in Southeast Alaska. Post hoc acoustic and statistical analyses of a 20-minute acoustic exchange between the broadcast of a recorded contact call, known as a 'whup/throp', with call responses by Twain revealed an intentional human-whale acoustic (and behavioral) interaction. Our results show that Twain participated both physically and acoustically in three phases of interaction (Phase 1: Engagement, Phase 2: Agitation, Phase 3: Disengagement), independently determined by blind observers reporting on surface behavior and respiratory activity of the interacting whale. A close examination of both changes to the latency between Twain's calls and the temporal matching to the latency of the exemplar across phases indicated that Twain was actively engaged in the exchange during Phase 1 (Engagement), less so during Phase 2 (Agitation), and disengaged during Phase 3 (Disengagement). These results, while preliminary, point to several key considerations for effective playback design, namely the importance of salient, dynamic and adaptive playbacks, that should be utilized in experimentation with whales and other intelligent nonhuman species.

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“…Because of the established connection between interoception and emotional experience (Barrett et al, 2004; Critchley et al, 2004; Khalsa et al, 2018; Wiens et al, 2000), empathy (Ernst et al, 2013; Heydrich et al, 2021; Terasawa et al, 2014), and emotion regulation (Kever et al, 2015), we think it likely that the enhanced metacognitive awareness in actors identified here will facilitate actors’ emotion-related abilities, as the awareness of the perception of internal physiological signals would likely be relevant to the ability to effectively create, express, and convey emotion as an actor, though this is of course an empirical question. There is also the potential for these factors to be additionally related to other important emotion constructs like emotional awareness or intelligence (e.g., Ashkanasy & Dasborough, 2003; Lane et al, 1990; Salovey & Grewal, 2005), emotion expression (e.g., Elfenbein et al, 2002; Matsumoto et al, 2008), or affective synchrony (e.g., Wood et al, 2021) which could be examined by future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The actor’s insight: Actors have comparable interoception but better metacognition than nonactors.

Sokol‐Hessner¹,

Wing-Davey²,

Illingworth³

et al. 2022

Emotion

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Both accurately sensing our own bodily signals and knowing whether we have accurately sensed them may contribute to a successful emotional life, but there is little evidence on whether these physiological perceptual and metacognitive abilities systematically differ between people. Here, we examined whether actors, who receive substantial training in the production, awareness, and control of emotion, and nonactor controls differed in interoceptive ability (the perception of internal bodily signals) and/or metacognition about interoceptive accuracy (awareness of that perception), and explored potential sources of individual differences in and consequences of these abilities including correlational relationships with state and trait anxiety, proxies for acting ability, and the amount of acting training. Participants performed a heartbeat detection task in which they judged whether tones were played synchronously or delayed relative to their heartbeats, and then rated their metacognitive confidence in that judgment. Cardiac interoceptive accuracy and metacognitive awareness of interoceptive accuracy were independent, and while actors’ and controls’ interoceptive accuracy was not significantly different, actors had consistently superior metacognitive awareness of interoception. Exploratory analyses additionally suggest that this metacognitive ability may be correlated with measures of acting ability, but not the duration of acting training. Interoceptive accuracy and metacognitive insight into that accuracy appear to be separate abilities, and while actors may be no more accurate in reading their bodies, their metacognitive insight means they know better when they’re accurate and when they’re not.

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Forms and Functions of Affective Synchrony

Cited by 10 publications

References 109 publications

How emotion contagion changes during friendship formation: A longitudinal conversation study

How emotion contagion changes during friendship formation: A longitudinal conversation study

Interactive Bioacoustic Playback as a Tool for Detecting and Exploring Nonhuman Intelligence: “Conversing” with an Alaskan Humpback Whale

The actor’s insight: Actors have comparable interoception but better metacognition than nonactors.

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