Forming-limit curves of aluminum and aluminum alloy sheets and effects of strain path on the curves

Kohara, S.

doi:10.1016/0924-0136(93)90046-9

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…[9,10] The details of the experimental procedures for determining the single-stage strain path FLC are described elsewhere. [6] The effects of a two-stage strain path on the FLC were studied by using the following three kinds of test procedures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of strain path on the forming-limit curve in aluminum

Kohara

2005

Metall Mater Trans A

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The influence of a two-stage strain path on the forming-limit curve (FLC) in aluminum has been investigated. Uniaxial tensile straining followed by orthogonal uniaxial tensile straining decreases the forming-limit strains. Equibiaxial tensile straining followed by uniaxial tensile straining increases the forming-limit strains in the region of plane-strain deformation. Uniaxial tensile straining followed by biaxial tensile straining increases the forming-limit strains in the region of biaxial tensile deformation in some cases. The texture evolution related to the deformation along the two-stage strain path was observed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical properties in the rolling direction (RD) are different from those in the transverse direction (TD) in rolled sheet metals and even in annealed sheet metals. [6] The anisotropy of sheet metals is attributed to the texture evolution in the sheet. The relation between the texture and FLC has been shown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of strain path on the forming-limit curve in aluminum

Kohara

2005

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…As a consequence, new aluminium alloys are being developed for use in automotive exterior and structural applications due to their light weight and high strength -to -weight ratio. This has led to a greater need for an understanding of the formability behaviour of these alloys in order to maintain the high level of dimensional stability and manufa cturing efficiency required [1][2][3][4]. The P remium Vehicle Lightweight Technology (P VLT) Centre of Excellence, established within WMG at the University of Warwick in conjunction with Jaguar Land Rover and a number of tier 1 suppliers from the metal for ming industry is being funded by AWM (Advantage West Midlands) and ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) to gain a greater understanding of these issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forming limit studies on different thickness aluminium 6xxx series alloys used in automotive applications

et al. 2010

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2 Jaguar Land Rover, UK AB STRACT: During sheet metal forming, one of the major measures of success for the material is to show forming strains below the safe limit of a forming limit curve (FLC) and to show minimum thinning in critical areas in the for ming die. To understand this behaviour, tensile tests and 7 point FLC tests were conducted to evaluate the forming limit of the alloy using Instron and Erichsen machines respectively. This paper presents the outcome of investigations into the forming characteristics of different thickness of aluminium 6xxx series alloys with T4 and T6 temper and compares them to results obtained from previously published investigations . Metallographic analyses were also conducted on these alloys in order to correlate the microstructure with the observed forming behaviour. The results presented indicate how both material thickness and tempering treatment affect the for ming limit of the material. INTRO DUCTIO NWith growing attention being given to the need for climate protection, the impetus for light weight vehicles with improved fuel efficiency to meet industry CO 2 emission targets has increased considerably. This has led to a growing demand for light weight alloys with higher strength and good formability characteristics. As a consequence, new aluminium alloys are being developed for use in automotive exterior and structural applications due to their light weight and high strength -to -weight ratio. This has led to a greater need for an understanding of the formability behaviour of these alloys in order to maintain the high level of dimensional stability and manufa cturing efficiency required [1-4]. The P remium Vehicle Lightweight Technology (P VLT) Centre of Excellence, established within WMG at the University of Warwick in conjunction with Jaguar Land Rover and a number of tier 1 suppliers from the metal for ming industry is being funded by AWM (Advantage West Midlands) and ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) to gain a greater understanding of these issues. The aluminium alloys widely used for automotive applications include 2xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx and 7xxx series. 5xxx series alloys are Al-Mg alloys which are non heattreatable and used as structural parts in automotive applications. 6xxx series aluminium alloys, which are Al-Mg-Si based alloys are used mainly for skin application although are beginning to be used structurally due to their higher strength in -service when compared to 5xxx series alloys and other age hardening alloy series such as 2xxx and 6xxx. The alloys also have good weldability, higher corrosion resistance and lower stress-corrosion cracking [5]. A for ming limit curve defines the different load conditions a material experiences during sheet metal for ming and thus provides a reliable tool for analysing the major and minor strains during sheet forming. It is known that a single FLC is valid for only one alloy, temper and gauge combination [6]. P revious work done by Barlat and Vasudevan on for ming limit studies of two aged condition (one underaged and a...

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“…Pelo resultado encontrado é possível concluir que a homogeneização intermediária realizada no caster melhora significativamente a conformabilidade do material, visto que a curva de conformação deste material apresentou um aumento de ~25% na região do estado plano de deformação ε 2 = 0, esta condição contrapõe o resultado do ensaio de orelhamento onde foi discutido que o menor índice encontrado revela um material com melhor desempenho frente a conformações críticas. Kohara (1993) Também é possível notar que o material de placa (C1) apresentou uma condição intermediária entre os processos de caster. No gráfico da figura 4.38 foi incluída a curva obtida por Kohara (1993), para comparar o ensaio realizado com outros materiais e, pode-se verificar que há uma boa correlação entre estes estudos, tendo apresentado valores muito próximos.…”

Section: Curva Limite De Conformação -Clcunclassified

“…Kohara (1993) Também é possível notar que o material de placa (C1) apresentou uma condição intermediária entre os processos de caster. No gráfico da figura 4.38 foi incluída a curva obtida por Kohara (1993), para comparar o ensaio realizado com outros materiais e, pode-se verificar que há uma boa correlação entre estes estudos, tendo apresentado valores muito próximos.…”

Section: Curva Limite De Conformação -Clcunclassified

Estudo comparativo da estampabilidade da liga de aluminio AA1050 partindo de placas obtidas por vazamento direto e bobinas obtidas por vazamento contínuo.

Otomar¹

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DEDICATÓRIA Á minha esposa Flavia por estar ao meu lado e me apoiar durante esta jornada e aos meus filhos Jessyka, Daniel e Nathalia, que abriram mão do convívio nos momentos de estudo. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente a Deus, por me dar condições de trabalhar e realizar. À CBA -Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio (Votorantim Metais) pelo apoio e disponibilização de amostras assim como a utilização dos laboratórios para realizar os ensaios. Ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Ronald Lesley Plaut, que me guiou neste estudo com paciência e estímulo. Ao Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares-IPEN na pessoa do Prof. Dr. Nelson Batista de Lima, que realizaram as análises de textura e também, forneceram uma cópia do programa de análise de textura -PAT para realizar a interpretação dos resultados. A Brasmetal Waelzholz, na pessoa do Dr. Antenor Ferreira Filho, pela realização do ensaio de anisotropia. Aos meus colegas da CBA, em especial ao meu amigo Dr. Ricardo do Carmo Fernandes, que me incentivou a iniciar este trabalho e também aos Srs. Ivan Carlos e Gabriel Berger pelo apoio na realização das análises e ensaios. Palavras-Chave: Alumínio. Conformação mecânica. Curva Limite de Conformação. Textura. Liga AA1050. ABSTRACTStampability of aluminum alloys is a subject of interest to several industrial sectors because they are largely used in the fabrication of several parts and components.The choice is based upon the stampability and the relative manufacturing capability in relation to other aluminum alloys that contain larger amounts of alloying elements and, consequently, higher mechanical properties.When comparing two solidification processes, namely the direct chill (DC) and the continuous casting (CC) via caster, the CC process historically presents inferior performance for the more critical stampings in these alloys.This study aims at the evaluation of the differences between the fabrication processes (routes) of AA1050 rolled to 1,80mm sheets in the conditions as annealed, rolled and after heat treatment and to characterize their microstructure and texture.Stamping tests have been performed to identify which process presents best stamping performance. To carry out these studies three production lots from the Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio -CBA have been employed namely one from the DC method and two other lots from the DC method, one with and one without an intermediate homogenization treatment. All materials have been processed in rolling mills and ovens in an industrial scale.The metallurgical structure has been characterized by optical and electronic microscopy throughout the processes analyzing the intermetallics and precipitate distribution.Tensile tests have been perfumed to identify the evolution of the mechanical properties throughout the process.In the final condition, i.e., after rolling down to 1,80mm and annealing, earing tests, Erichsen drawing tests and anisotropy have been evaluated together with the Forming Limit Diagram( FLD), to evaluate which process presented the best results in terms of f...

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Forming-limit curves of aluminum and aluminum alloy sheets and effects of strain path on the curves

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Influence of strain path on the forming-limit curve in aluminum

Influence of strain path on the forming-limit curve in aluminum

Forming limit studies on different thickness aluminium 6xxx series alloys used in automotive applications

Estudo comparativo da estampabilidade da liga de aluminio AA1050 partindo de placas obtidas por vazamento direto e bobinas obtidas por vazamento contínuo.

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