Forming fabric weave-scale variations in paper fines content

Singh, Fatehjit; Green, Sheldon

doi:10.3183/npprj-2015-30-02-p296-301

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Topographical wiremark is the physical out-of-plane pattern of the fabric embedded in the sheet due to fiber conformation, as explained in the previous paragraph. Hydrodynamic wiremark is caused by the variable spatial distribution of flow through the fabric, which transports different amount of tiny particulate substances (fines [25] and filler [26]) to different parts of the sheet. Hydrodynamic wiremark may be detected as a spatial variation in sheet density or chemical composition, and is generally less visible than topographical wiremark.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulation of anisotropic cross-linked cellulose fiber networks with an out-of-plane topography

Agarwal,

Green,

Phani

2024

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Non-woven cellulose fiber networks of low areal density are widely used in many industrial applications and consumer products. A discrete element method (DEM) modelling framework is advanced to simulate the formation of strongly anisotropic cellulose fiber network sheets in the dilute limit with simplified hydrodynamic and hydroelastic interactions. Our modelling accounts for in-plane fiber orientation and viscous drag indirectly by using theories developed by Niskanen (1989) and Cox (1970) respectively. Networks formed on a patterned and flat substrate are simulated for different fiber types, and their tensile response is used to assess the influence of the out-of-plane topographical pattern on their stiffness and strength. Sheets with the same grammage and thickness, but composed with a higher fraction of softwood fiber (longer fibers with large diameter), have higher strength and higher strain to failure compared to sheets made from hardwood fibers (short fibers with small diameter). However, varying the fiber fraction produces only an insignificant variation in the initial sheet stiffness. The above simulation predictions are confirmed experimentally for sheets comprised of fibers with different ratios of Eucalyptus kraft and Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft fibers. Sheets with out-of- plane topography show an unsymmetric mass distribution, lower tensile stiffness, and lower tensile strength compared to those formed on a flat substrate. The additional fiber deformation modes activated by the out-of-plane topography, such as bending and twisting, explain these differences in the sheet mechanical characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%