Formation, release and control of dioxins in cement kilns

Karstensen, Kåre Helge

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.06.081

Cited by 149 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Wurst and Prey [27] and Karstensen [20] indicated that the material used as fuel in industrial furnaces was not responsible for the dioxin emissions. The conditions of the furnace (very high temperature, good mixing and excess oxygen) make the cement kiln factory an ideal place to get a very good combustion.…”

Section: Pcdd/fs Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant Formation and Emissions from Cement Kiln Stack Using a Solid Recovered Fuel from Municipal Solid Waste

Conesa

Rey

Egea

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The thermal decomposition of a Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) has been studied by two techniques. First, laboratory-scale experiments were performed in a horizontal furnace in which different atmospheres are studied to analyze the dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) evolved from the decomposition of the material. Sulfur presence is revealed to be important in PCDD/Fs formation. In the second technique, the emission of various pollutants (PAHs, PCDD/Fs, metals, acid gases …) were determined in a cement kiln fed on different proportions of SRF material, and where a maximum feed rate of 15000 kg SRF/h was achieved. In the laboratory furnace the dioxin toxicity revealed a maximum when the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increased until approximately stoichiometric conditions. In the cement kiln, all emitted pollutants are under the legal limits. No correlation between SRF input and metal emission was observed.

show abstract

Section: Pcdd/fs Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant Formation and Emissions from Cement Kiln Stack Using a Solid Recovered Fuel from Municipal Solid Waste

Conesa

Rey

Egea

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During conventional cement production Thuong et al, 2014) polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emerge at the level of 0.99 µg I-TEQ ton -1 clinker. Nevertheless, their concentration in the flue gas from cement kilns co-processing municipal solid waste (MSW) is still low compared to those from MSW incineration plants (Karstensen, 2008;Usón et al, 2013). The reasons for a lower PCDD/Fs concentration in cement kilns could be a higher processing temperature, higher turbulence and faster mass transfer in the cyclonic heat exchanger batteries and longer retention time in the process (Lohman and Seigneur, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of PCDD/Fs by Raw Meal in Cement Kilns

Lin

Ji²,

Zhan

et al. 2018

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Raw meal of the cement production process could probably suppress the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). In this study, these suppression effects were studied and compared during the co-processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) with conventional feed materials such as pure CaCO 3 , and pure CaO. A top suppression efficiency of 96% was achieved for a ratio of MSW to raw meal of 1:15. Moreover, NaCl and CuCl 2 were added to the mix of feed material and MSW, to reveal the impact of additional chlorine and cations on PCDD/F formation. Similarly, the raw meal was mixed with the kiln dust to investigate possible suppression effects of those PCDD/Fs formed through the precursor or the de novo synthesis at a temperature of 350°C. The raw meal suppressed the formation of PCDD/Fs from kiln dust. Furthermore, the raw meal could not suppress the formation of PCDD/Fs on mixtures of kiln dust and NaCl or CuCl 2 , which could be associated with a potential increase in the formation effects of PCDD/Fs on the raw meal. The results can help in potential decision-making on the applicability of certain cement kilns on the co-processing of MSW containing high levels of Cl and Cu.

show abstract

“…Formation and emission of PCDD/Fs from a cement kiln processing a solid fuel recovered from municipal solid waste has been studied [18,19]. Dioxins form in cement kilns, and their release and impact on surrounding environment has been demonstrated [20][21][22][23][24]. However, to date, incineration of MSWI fly ash in a cement kiln has not been performed on an industrial scale or in any pilot studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%