Formation of the Turkish Nation-State, 1920–1938

Bayar, Yeşim

doi:10.1057/9781137384539

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The 1924 Constitution declared Turkish as the official language as well as the language of education. Thus, the teaching of Kurdish was prohibited (Bayar, 2014). Beyond 30 Article 88 of the 1924 Constitution stated that "the name Turk, as a political term, shall be understood to include all citizens of the Turkish Republic, without distinction of, or reference to race or religion.…”

Section: While the Formermentioning

confidence: 99%

Inside Outsiders: Comparing State Policies Towards Citizens of Palestinian and Kurdish Descent in Israel and Turkey

Grigoriadis

2021

Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies

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viii Dr. Nimrod Goren for discussing my project and making valuable suggestions. I also appreciate the help of Kıvanç Özcan for providing valuable access to my interviewees in Turkey. Ceyda and İzak Adato made me feel at home during my stays in Israel. I am grateful to them for their warm hospitality and sincere friendship.This long and challenging Ph.D. journey would not be much joyful without the friendship and camaraderie of some people. I owe much in particular to

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Section: While the Formermentioning

confidence: 99%

Inside Outsiders: Comparing State Policies Towards Citizens of Palestinian and Kurdish Descent in Israel and Turkey

Grigoriadis

2021

Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies

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“…As part of the assimilationist program, the spreading of Turkish language had utmost priority for the state. Speaking Turkish was regarded as a clear indicator of accepting Turkishness and being a loyal citizen (Bayar, 2011(Bayar, , 2014. In several speeches the political elites highlighted the conditionality of Turkishness on the Turkish language.…”

Section: Historical Background: Constructing the Boundaries Of Turkismentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies of making and unmaking ethnic boundaries: Evidence on the Laz of Turkey

Serdar

2017

Ethnicities

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The main aim of this article is to explore different strategies of boundary making and unmaking by a minority ethnic group. I apply the theories of “boundary work” and constructivist understanding of ethnicity and nationhood to the case of the Laz, one of the autochthons of the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. I analyze two main strategies—boundary crossing and contraction—in the context of three sets of encounters and interactions, with Turks/Turkishness, people of Black Sea—Karadenizli—and Kurds/Kurdishness. First, I argue that assimilating into the official Turkish identity is one of the strategies adopted by the ethnic Laz. The Laz are incorporated into Turkishness both by their search for economic mobility, status, and by assimilationist policies of the state especially aimed at the spread of Turkish. To become a full-fledged true member of the nation and access to potential benefits, Turkishness through language shift has been realized that allowed boundary crossing of the Laz. Second, I state that despite the efforts of the top-down assimilationist policies, noncontentious ethnic identities can be reproduced by means of symbolic boundaries. The Laz contextually activate symbolic boundaries in informal settings by contracting from other people of Black Sea—Karadenizli—or ethnic Turkishness. The ethnic language is substituted by nonthreatening ethnic performances and rhetoric, less marked and more subjective traits of self-asserted differences. Such symbolic boundaries correspond to unofficial forms of hierarchies and competition over local belongings. Third, the analysis of the Laz–Kurd relationship unveils that ethnic boundaries can be redefined according to changing conditions. The impact of the Kurds on the Laz identity, either by means of personal acquaintances or the relationship between the state and the Kurdish national movement, is imperative. It triggers contradictions in the Laz identity by revealing new potential redefinitions and recasting of boundaries.

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“… 6 6 For a discussion of this period see Bayar (2014b), Yıldız (2001), Üngör (2011), Yılmaz (2016), Ünlü (2018). …”

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confidence: 99%

Navigating the nationalist landscape of exclusion: Armenian citizens of Turkey and the politics of naming

Bayar

2021

British Journal of Sociology

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This article examines how Armenian citizens of Turkey employ names and naming strategies in their everyday life in order to navigate a nationalist social landscape. Studies of nationalist politics in everyday life have been particularly successful in demonstrating how nationalism is experienced and reproduced through the consumption of national symbols and rituals. What remains relatively glossed over in these accounts are the individuals’ constant and dynamic engagements with nationalist politics not only through national symbols and rituals but also through everyday social practices with fellow citizens. The present study seeks to capture and analyze this latter, relatively understudied, aspect. In doing so, the discussion reveals how individuals use different name strategies in order to fend off shame and humiliation as well as inhibit threats to status advancement. Overall, the following narrative moves beyond a demonstration of the functionality of nationalism as a source of unity and solidarity. Instead, it reveals the ways in which nationalist politics and minorities’ responses align, diverge and/or conflict on the ground.

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Formation of the Turkish Nation-State, 1920–1938

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Inside Outsiders: Comparing State Policies Towards Citizens of Palestinian and Kurdish Descent in Israel and Turkey

Inside Outsiders: Comparing State Policies Towards Citizens of Palestinian and Kurdish Descent in Israel and Turkey

Strategies of making and unmaking ethnic boundaries: Evidence on the Laz of Turkey

Navigating the nationalist landscape of exclusion: Armenian citizens of Turkey and the politics of naming

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