Formation of the lunar wake in quasi‐neutral hybrid model

Kallio, Esa

doi:10.1029/2004gl021989

Cited by 71 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…3(8)) exhibits a pinching of the field, consistent with earlier predictions (figure 3, and model observations (Kallio, 2005). The field is bent toward the IMF plane in the wake (Fig.…”

Section: Overviewsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The Moon-solar wind interaction is however a fully threedimensional problem, since the IMF component perpendicular to the solar wind flow introduces asymmetry into an otherwise cylindrical symmetric problem. A three dimensional hybrid model by Kallio (2005) had a fairly coarse grid on a small region, and did not handle the wake region in a self consistent way (the electric field was specified in that region). Recently another three dimensional hybrid model has been presented in Wiehle et al (2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The interaction between the Moon and the solar wind

et al. 2012

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We study the interaction between the Moon and the solar wind using a three-dimensional hybrid plasma solver. The proton fluxes and electromagnetical fields are presented for typical solar wind conditions with different magnetic field directions. We find two different wake structures for an interplanetary magnetic field that is perpendicular to the solar wind flow, and for one that is parallell to the flow. The wake for intermediate magnetic field directions will be a mix of these two extreme conditions. Several features are consistent with a fluid interaction, e.g., the presence of a rarefaction cone, and an increased magnetic field in the wake. There are however several kinetic features of the interaction. We find kinks in the magnetic field at the wake boundary. There are also density and magnetic field variations in the far wake, maybe from an ion beam instability related to the wake refill. The results are compared to observations by the WIND spacecraft during a wake crossing. The model magnetic field and ion velocities are in agreement with the measurements. The density and the electron temperature in the central wake are not as well captured by the model, probably from the lack of electron physics in the hybrid model.

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“…3(8)) exhibits a pinching of the field, consistent with earlier predictions (figure 3, and model observations (Kallio, 2005). The field is bent toward the IMF plane in the wake (Fig.…”

Section: Overviewsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between the Moon and the solar wind

et al. 2012

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“…Wind saw ion beams accelerated along magnetic field lines into the wake from the flanks (Ogilvie et al 1996;Clack et al 2004) several lunar radii downstream, implying a potential drop across the wake boundary that occurs as a natural consequence of the pressure gradient across the wake boundary and the difference in electron and ion thermal velocities. Simulations have contributed greatly to our understanding of this process, which refills the wake along magnetic field lines (Farrell et al 1998;Chapman 2001, 2002;Kallio 2005;Travnicek et al 2005;Kimura and Nakagawa 2008). Meanwhile, recent low altitude observations show that the wake also refills perpendicular to magnetic field lines (Nishino et al 2009a(Nishino et al , 2009bHolmstrom et al 2010;Wang et al 2010).…”

Section: Wake Refilling and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARTEMIS Science Objectives

Sibeck

Angelopoulos²,

Brain

et al. 2011

Space Sci Rev

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NASA's two spacecraft ARTEMIS mission will address both heliospheric and planetary research questions, first while in orbit about the Earth with the Moon and subsequently while in orbit about the Moon. Heliospheric topics include the structure of the Earth's magnetotail; reconnection, particle acceleration, and turbulence in the Earth's magnetosphere, at the bow shock, and in the solar wind; and the formation and structure of the D.G. Sibeck ( ) Code 674, GSFC/NASA,

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“…To model the solar wind wake behind the Moon, extensive hybrid simulations have previously been carried out using simplified (typically fluid) electron models [3][4][5][6][7][8] , but simulations with kinetic electrons [9][10][11][12][13] have identified important phenomena not captured by such hybrid treatments. In particular, it was recently shown in kinetic 1D simulations 13 that the lunar wake may be unstable much closer to the Moon than expected from hybrid simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electron forewake: Shadowing and drift-energization as flowing magnetized plasma encounters an obstacle

Haakonsen

Hutchinson

2015

Physics of Plasmas

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Flow of magnetized plasma past an obstacle creates a traditional wake, but also a forewake region arising from shadowing of electrons. The electron forewakes resulting from supersonic flows past insulating and floating-potential obstacles are explored with 2D electrostatic particle-in-cell simulations, using a physical ion to electron mass ratio. Drift-energization is discovered to give rise to modifications to the electron velocitydistribution, including a slope-reversal, providing a novel drive of forewake instability. The slope-reversal is present at certain locations in all the simulations, and appears to be quite robustly generated. Wings of enhanced electron density are observed in some of the simulations, also associated with drift-energization. In the simulations with a floating-potential obstacle, the specific potential structure behind that obstacle allows fast electrons to cross the wake, giving rise to a more traditional shadowing-driven two-stream instability.Fluctuations associated with such instability are observed in the simulations, but this instability-mechanism is expected to be more sensitive to the plasma parameters than that associated with the slope-reversal.

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Formation of the lunar wake in quasi‐neutral hybrid model

Cited by 71 publications

References 12 publications

The interaction between the Moon and the solar wind

The interaction between the Moon and the solar wind

ARTEMIS Science Objectives

The electron forewake: Shadowing and drift-energization as flowing magnetized plasma encounters an obstacle

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