Formation of the Isthmus of Panama

O’Dea, Aaron; Lessios, Harilaos A.; Coates, Anthony G.; Eytan, Ron I.; Restrepo-Moreno, Sergio A.; Cione, Alberto Luis; Collins, Laurel S.; Queiroz, Alan de; Farris, David W.; Norris, Richard D.; Stallard, Robert F.; Woodburne, Michael O.; Aguilera, Orangel A.; Aubry, Marie‐Pierre; Berggren, William A.; Budd, Ann F.; Cozzuol, Mário Alberto; Coppard, Simon E.; Duque-Caro, Herman; Finnegan, Seth; Gasparini, Germán Mariano; Grossman, Ethan L.; Johnson, Kenneth G.; Keigwin, Lloyd D; Knowlton­, Nancy­; Leigh, Egbert Giles; Leonard‐Pingel, Jill S.; Marko, Peter B.; Pyenson, Nicholas D.; Rachello-Dolmen, Paola G.; Soibelzon, Esteban; Soibelzon, Leopoldo Héctor; Todd, Jonathan A.; Vermeij, Geerat J.; Jackson, Jeremy B. C.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600883

Cited by 643 publications

(644 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…Surprisingly, Rhinebothrium was not found parasitizing the Pacific host, S. pacifica, despite the common pattern of pairs of transisthmian species cited above for cestodes and reported for many other lineages of Metazoa (Marques et al 1996;Lessios 2008;O'Dea et al 2016). In addition, since members of Rhinebothrium are commonly found in batoids (Linton 1890;Brooks 1977;Friggens & Duszynski 2005;Reyda & Marques 2011;Marques & Reyda 2015;Golestaninasab & Malek 2016), we assume that the lack of members of this genus in this host could be an artifact of sample size and/or biogeographical representation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Species diversity of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from Styracura (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), including the description of a new species

Trevisan

Marques

2017

Zootaxa

956

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The present study contributes to the knowledge of the cestode fauna of species of Styracura de Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva, which is the putative sister taxon of freshwater potamotrygonids-a unique group of batoids restricted to Neotropical freshwater systems. We document species of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890 as a result of the examination of newly collected specimens of Styracura from five different localities representing the eastern Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Overall, we examined 33 spiral intestines, 11 from the eastern Pacific species Styracura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van) and 22 from the Caribbean species S. schmardae (Werner). However, only samples from the Caribbean were infected with members of Rhinebothrium. Rhinebothrium tetralobatum Brooks, 1977, originally described from S. schmardae-as Himantura schmardae (Werner)-off the Caribbean coast of Colombia based on six specimens is redescribed. This redescription provides the first data on the microthriches pattern, more details of internal anatomy (i.e., inclusion of histological sections) and expands the ranges for the counts and measurements of several features. We describe a new species of Rhinebothrium from S. schmardae collected off the Caribbean coast of Panama. Rhinebothrium reydai n. sp. is diagnosed by possessing four testes per proglottid, acraspedote proglottids, single anterior-most and porterior-most loculi, and bothridia divided into 34-44 loculi. Collectively, these features distinguish the new species from all 41 species of Rhinebothrium currently recognized as valid, with the exception of R. chollaensis Friggens & Duszynski, 2005. The latter species, a parasite of Urobatis halleri (Cooper) from the eastern Pacific Ocean, has a similar morphology in comparison to R. reydai n. sp., but can be distinguished by being apolytic instead of euapolytic and by the morphology of the aporal lobe of the ovary, which reaches the mid-lateral margin of the cirrus sac, whereas in R. reydai n. sp. the aporal lobe only reaches the posterior margin, since the cirrus sac takes approximately ¾ of the proglottid in width. Also, in R. reydai n. sp., the first square proglottid occurs within the anterior third of the strobila (13-30%), whereas in R. chollaensis it occurs near the middle of the strobila (42-62%). Further, we discuss the patterns of infection and biogeographical distribution for species of Rhinebothrium in species of Styracura. The apparent disjunctive distribution of R. tetralobatum and R. reydai n. sp. in the Caribbean Sea throughout their host distribution, S. schmardae, and the absence of species of Rhinebothrium in the eastern Pacific sister-host, S. pacifica, reveal the importance of sample size and biogeographical representation for documenting the parasite fauna of host lineages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Species diversity of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from Styracura (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), including the description of a new species

Trevisan

Marques

2017

Zootaxa

956

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“…However, we note that the timing of Corvidae-Laniidae split of the recent phylogeny of songbirds based on~5000 loci by Moyle et al [70] coincides with our estimate for the same node (not shown here). Moreover, our time estimates for the MRCA of the South American genera (2.8−2.0M years for Cyanolyca, and 2.3−1.7M years for Cyanocorax) make intuitive sense, since dispersal of theses clades from Mesoamerica into South America should postdate the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama, around 2.8 M years ago [71]. However, we emphasize that our time estimates are rough estimates of actual time and must be considered with caution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Reconstructing the geographic origin of the New World jays

Fernando

Peterson

2017

Neotropical Biodiversity

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We conducted a biogeographic analysis based on a dense phylogenetic hypothesis for the early branches of corvids, to assess geographic origin of the New World jay (NWJ) clade. We produced a multilocus phylogeny from sequences of three nuclear introns and three mitochondrial genes and included at least one species from each NWJ genus and 29 species representing the rest of the five corvid subfamilies in the analysis. We used the S-DIVA, S-DEC, and BBM analyses implemented in RASP to create biogeographic reconstructions, and BEAST to estimate timing of NWJ diversification. Biogeographic reconstructions indicated that NWJs originated from an ancestor in the Eastern Palearctic or Eastern + Western Palearctic, diversified in Mesoamerica and spread subsequently to North and South America; the group has been diversifying in the New World since the late Miocene.Keywords: New World jays; Corvidae; biogeographic origin; divergence times IntroductionThe New World jays (NWJs) are a monophyletic group of corvids [1,2], presently considered to comprise seven genera (Aphelocoma, Calocitta, Cyanocitta, Cyanocorax, Cyanolyca, Gymnorhinus and Psilorhinus); the~36 species [3,4] represent the product of a radiation across much of the Americas [1]. The group has long been a focus of research in behavioral ecology, in light of complex behavioral repertoires, particularly as regards social behavior [5][6][7].The origins of corvids can be traced to Australia, from where the ancestor of the family dispersed to Asia, followed by radiations in Asia, Europe and elsewhere [8]. Ericson and colleagues [9][10][11] provided evidence that the origin of the oscine passerines, to which the Corvidae belongs, dates to the split of the AustraloPapuan tectonic plate from Antarctica in the early Tertiary,~53M years ago. Thus, the replacement of the early Tertiary rainforests in Australia by drier vegetation may have placed presumably forest-adapted early corvids in more open habitats, resulting in a new radiation that led to the present global distribution of the family. However, a recent study [12] estimated the age of the family at~20M years. Colonization of the New World by corvids occurred more recently, apparently via a transBeringian route [8]. The ancestor of NWJs, thought to be jay-like lineages related to Cissa and Urocissa, reached North America 10−8M years ago, in the Miocene [13]. Once in the Americas, a rapid radiation in South America by the early Pliocene, was apparently followed by a secondary radiation in These previous studies, however, did not provide sufficient detail in terms of representation of taxa of NWJs and other corvids to permit thorough understanding the geographic origin of NWJs or to identify their closest corvid relatives. The key deficiency has been in terms of representation of taxa from the deepest branches of the corvid phylogeny; thus, we here derive a denser phylogenetic hypothesis by deriving DNA sequences for Neotropical Biodiversity, 2017 Vol. 3, No. 1, 80-92, https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017 Published on...

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“…For all models, we created two time intervals, one from 0 to 5 Ma (approximating the time of close proximity of Central and South America, culminating in final closure of the Isthmus of Panama about 3 Ma [65]) and 5 -25 Ma (reduced proximity). For dispersal multipliers, we used a value of 1.0 for all adjacent, connected areas, 0.5 for southern Central America and South America prior to 5 Ma, and 0.01 for distant unconnected areas.…”

Section: (F ) Biogeographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The acacia ants revisited: convergent evolution and biogeographic context in an iconic ant/plant mutualism

Ward

Branstetter

2017

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses can enhance our understanding of multispecies interactions by placing the origin and evolution of such interactions in a temporal and geographical context. We use a phylogenomic approach—ultraconserved element sequence capture—to investigate the evolutionary history of an iconic multispecies mutualism: Neotropical acacia ants ( Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus group) and their associated Vachellia hostplants. In this system, the ants receive shelter and food from the host plant, and they aggressively defend the plant against herbivores and competing plants. We confirm the existence of two separate lineages of obligate acacia ants that convergently occupied Vachellia and evolved plant-protecting behaviour, from timid ancestors inhabiting dead twigs in rainforest. The more diverse of the two clades is inferred to have arisen in the Late Miocene in northern Mesoamerica, and subsequently expanded its range throughout much of Central America. The other lineage is estimated to have originated in southern Mesoamerica about 3 Myr later, apparently piggy-backing on the pre-existing mutualism. Initiation of the Pseudomyrmex / Vachellia interaction involved a shift in the ants from closed to open habitats, into an environment with more intense plant herbivory. Comparative studies of the two lineages of mutualists should provide insight into the essential features binding this mutualism.

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Formation of the Isthmus of Panama

Abstract: Independent evidence from rocks, fossils, and genes converge on a cohesive narrative of isthmus formation in the Pliocene.

Cited by 643 publications

References 204 publications

Species diversity of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from Styracura (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), including the description of a new species

Species diversity of Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from Styracura (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae), including the description of a new species

Reconstructing the geographic origin of the New World jays

The acacia ants revisited: convergent evolution and biogeographic context in an iconic ant/plant mutualism

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