Formation of the Blue Pigment Indigoidine by Phytopathogenic Erwinia

Abstract

STARR, MORTIMER P. (University ofCalifornia, Davis), GLADYS COsENS, AND HANS-JOACHIM KNACKMUSS. Formation of the blue pigment indigoidine by phytopathogenic Erwinia. Appl. Microbiol. 14:870-872. 1966.-Most cultures belonging to the "Erwinia chrysanthemi group" of soft-rot bacteria form traces of a blue, extracellular, water-insoluble pigment. This pigment is generally not found in cultures of the other members of the genus Erwinia. The blue substance has been isolated and purified from three members of the E. chrysanthemi group; it has been identified as indigoidine, 5, 5'-diamino4,4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-diazadiphenoquinone-(2,2').

Sustainable bioproduction of the blue pigment indigoidine: Expanding the range of heterologous products inR. toruloidesto include non-ribosomal peptides

“…6,7 Indigoidine is a natural blue pigment produced by several bacteria via known biosynthetic gene clusters. [8][9][10][11][12] This 3′,3′-bipyridyl pigment is formed through condensation of two molecules of L-glutamine catalyzed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). 8,10 The secondary metabolite class of NRPs includes molecules with a range of pharmaceutical applications, such as immunosuppressants, antibiotics, anticancer drugs and antiviral compounds.…”

Genetic Transfer of Episomic Elements Among Erwinia Species and Other Enterobacteria: F′ lac +

“…The mating plates were incubated for 5 days, at 30 C when Erwinia spp. were used as recipients and at 37 C when E. coli and Shigella dysenteriae served as recipients. The frequency of occurrence of Lac+ exconjugants is expressed here in the conventional way as the number of recombinant clones per donor cell in the mating mixture.…”

Detection, identification and differentiation of Pectobacterium and Dickeya species causing potato blackleg and tuber soft rot: a review

“…In 1966, it was first reported that Dickeya spp. produce a blue pigment called indigoidine, which gives the bacteria protection from reactive oxygen species during plant infection (Starr et al ., 1966 ). This observation led Lee & Yu ( 2005 ) to develop the NGM medium, containing glycerol and manganese chlorite, on which Dickeya spp.…”