Formation of the astral mitotic spindle: Ultrastructural basis for the centrosome-kinetochore interaction

Chromosome mal‐orientation and reorientation during mitosis

“…At the electron microscopic (EM) level, the pole-facing kinetochore of these mono-oriented chromosomes has a K-fiber, while the distal kinetochore, which sites less than 0.5 pm away and faces in the opposite direction, is free of MTs [reviewed in ROOS, 1976;Rieder, 1982Rieder, , 1990Salmon, 19891 (Fig. 1).…”

Mitosis in vertebrates: the G2/M and M/A transitions and their associated checkpoints

“…During this process, sister kinetochores seldom attach simultaneously to opposing centrosomes. Rather, the kinetochore closest to and facing a centrosome at NEB usually attaches first while its sister, located on the opposite side of the centromere, remains unattached (reviewed in Rieder 1990). This "monotelic" attachment results in motion of the chromosome toward, and positions it adjacent to, the centrosome it has just attached to (Fig.…”

The ultrastructure of the kinetochore and kinetochore fiber in Drosophila somatic cells

“…They include motor proteins such as cytoplasmic dynein and the plus-end directed kinesin CENP-E, as well asMT stabilizing proteins such as CLASPs (Maiato et al 2004a). Upon binding of MTs, many corona proteins partially or fully dissociate from the outer plate, and the corona structure becomes correspondingly more difficult to detect by EM (Rieder 1982(Rieder , 1990Cassimeris et al 1990;Hoffman et al 2001;Howell et al 2001). …”

“…The plus ends of kinetochore microtubules (kMTs) terminate in the outer plate (Rieder 1990;Vandenbeldt et al 2006). This region contains the four-subunit Ndc80 complex, which has been shown to play a critical role in attaching MTs to kinetochores in a wide range of organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosac-charomyces pombe, Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus, Gallis gallus, and humans (reviewed by Maiato et al 2004a;DeLuca et al 2005;Kline-Smith et al 2005).…”