Formation of technological quality of grain of millet depending on features of harvesting

Abstract

named after Bogdan Khmelnytsky The purpose. To improve technique of growing of high-quality grain of millet in conditions of unreliable moistening of Right-bank Forest-steppe. Methods. Laboratoryanalytical, experimentally-field, statistical. Results. Results are given of 4-years probes concerning influence of time of mowing sowings of millet depending on the extent of full maturity of grain in brushes (25-30 %, 45-50, 65-70 and 85-90 %), duration of resting rolls (direct thrashing, thrashing in 3, 6 and 9 day after mowing), and weather environment at that period upon features of formation of technological qualities of grain of millet. Conclusions. Premature to recommended (65-70% of complete ripeness) term of harvesting, and also detention of that time aggravated technological quality of grain and groats. At the necessity to early use sowings of millet for food and feed purposes it is possible to improve a little such situation by separate thrashing of the yield with the following rest of rolsl during 3-6 days. At late harvesting the optimum is direct thrashing. Key words: millet, technological quality of grain, time of mowing, time of thrashing, duration of rest of roll. Introduction. Quality of food has a leading role in human life. Their nutritional value depends on the quality of grain, fruits and vegetables. Even a slight improvement in the quality of agricultural products is an additional amount of protein, starch, sugar, fat, vitamins and minerals. The higher nutritional value of agricultural products, the more fully they provide a human body in nutrients and animals in quality feed [1]. Actual scientific researches and issue analysis that initiated the solution to this problem. In the millet cultivation direct harvesting, as well as the separate threshing have become widespread. Depending on the soil-climatic and variety characteristics, scientists give preference to each of them. Typically, the direct harvesting is most often used for full maturity of 50-60% of seeds, as well as in cases when the plant height is less than 45 cm or thin stand and low inclined panicle [2]. Other scientists [3] point out its drawbacks-the direct threshing of not fully ripened seeds can cause a significant deterioration of its sowing and technological qualities. To avoid such a phenomenon, they propose to use a two-phase threshing-at first at low revolutions of the threshing unit only ripe and the most weighty seeds are thawed (up to 60% of the total weight of the harvest) and the rest is thawed in 5-6 days after drying and is used for food or feed purposes [4, 5]. However, other authors [6, 7] point out that the methods of harvesting do not have a significant influence both on the yield of grain and millet seeds and its quality. Summarizing the research results in the scientific literature, we came to the conclusion that the study of the effect of mowing and threshing terms on the seed quality and yield properties of millet seed is schematic and singular. Under conditions of unstable moistening of Right Bank Forest-Steppe t...