Formation of subsurface cavity and loosening due to defected old sewer pipe

Kuwano, Reiko; Horii, Toshiyuki; Yamauchi, Keita; Kohashi, Hidetoshi

doi:10.3208/jgs.5.349

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The vast majority of prior studies that have experimentally assessed the ground subsidence and sinkhole due to sewer pipe damage have been conducted on poorly-graded non-cohesive soils (Guo et al, 2013;Indiketiya et al, 2017;Kuwano et al, 2010aKuwano et al, , 2010bSato and Kuwano, 2015;Tang et al, 2017). However, in several countries, the sewage reclamation specifications allow the landfill soil to contain 15-25 % of fine contents.…”

Section: Model Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent times, cases of sinkholes (or ground cave-ins) have been reported in several countries, such as the US, Japan, Italy, South Africa, China, and South Korea. Major social and economic issues have ensued owing to the resulting structural problems, such as the collapse of buildings and road erosion (Bae et al, 2016;Galloway et al, 1999;Gao et al, 2013;Guarino and Nisio, 2012;Intrieri et al, 2015;Kuwano et al, 2010a;Oosthuizen and Richardson, 2011;Yokota et al, 2012). In general, sinkholes can be classified into two types:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both types of sinkholes have similar mechanisms, and the detailed process of occurrence is as follows (Brinkmann et al, 2008;Caramanna et al, 2008;Kuwano et al, 2010a;Martinotti et al, 2017;Oosthuizen and Richardson, 2011;Rogers, 1986): (1) A cavity is formed underground by external factors (the watersoluble ground layer dissolves in groundwater to cause a natural sinkhole, or soil erosion occurs along with the groundwater outflow due to sewage damage or excavation to cause an anthropogenic sinkhole). 2The groundwater level rises during rainfall and falls after the rainfall, causing the soil around the cavity to be lost and the cavity to expand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental assessment of the relationship between rainfall intensity and sinkholes caused by damaged sewer pipes

Kwak¹,

Woo²,

Chung³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. In several countries, the rising occurrence of sinkholes has led to severe social and economic damage. Based on the mechanism of sinkhole development, researchers have investigated the correlation between rainfall intensity and sinkholes caused by damaged sewer pipes. In this study, the effect of rainfall intensity on the formation of eroded zones, as well as the occurrence of sinkholes caused by soil erosion due to groundwater infiltration through pipe defects, has been analyzed through model tests. The ground in Seoul was adopted using weathered granite soil, which is generally used for backfill sewer pipes, and groundwater levels corresponding to three different rainfall intensity conditions were considered. The ground level changes and ground displacements were measured continuously, and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithm was applied to measure the displacement at each position of the model ground. The results indicate that impeding the excessive rise of groundwater levels by securing sufficient sewage treatment facilities can effectively prevent the development of sinkholes caused by pipe defects.

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Section: Model Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental assessment of the relationship between rainfall intensity and sinkholes caused by damaged sewer pipes

Kwak¹,

Woo²,

Chung³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Currently, urban ground subsidence and collapse have become increasingly prevalent in China, resulting in significant economic losses and casualties [1]. Statistics compiled by Hu et al [2] indicate that in a considerable proportion (55%) of urban ground collapse cases in China, the underlying cause can be attributed to the damage of under-ground pipeline system, especially in pipelines that have been in service for over 25 years, where the likelihood of leakage is notably elevated [3]. Once leakage occurs in water pipelines, it leads to erosion of the surrounding soil, ultimately resulting in ground subsidence [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Internal Pressure on Urban Water Supply Pipeline Leakage-Induced Soil Subsidence Mechanisms

Cui,

Liu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Geofluids

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After the rupture of pressurized water supply pipes in urban underground areas, seepage-induced ground subsidence becomes a severe geological hazard. Understanding the permeation and diffusion patterns of water in soil is crucial for deciphering the mechanisms underlying soil settlement and damage. Notably, the pressure within water supply pipes significantly influences the settlement and damage of the soil. Therefore, this study simulated experiments on soil settlement and damage caused by water seepage from a preexisting damaged pipeline under various internal pipe pressure conditions using an indoor model apparatus. The results indicate that the internal pressure of the pipe significantly influences the settlement of the soil. High-pressure seepage causes noticeable erosion in the soil, forming cavities within it. In contrast, low-pressure seepage results in water diffusing in an ellipsoidal pattern, leading to the formation of circular surface cracks. The degree of surface settlement increases with higher pipe pressure. The onset of subsidence at a specific point on the ground is not directly related to whether the moistening front within the soil has reached that point horizontally. Instead, it is associated with the moisture content below the subsidence point within the soil. The research results further illustrate the water diffusion and moisture content increase processes after water seepage from pipes with different pressures, revealing the influence of pipe pressure on the degree and form of soil settlement damage and clarifying the relationship between water diffusion and settlement in the soil.

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“…Our research studied about sinkholes generated by soil drainage with seepages, especially about drainage from sewer pipes in urban area. Large numbers of sewer pipes will finish the lifetime in advance in Japan 2) . Therefore, some of them are already repaired but of others contains cracks and breakages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions of the cavity formation and sinkholes in the practical ground

Sato

Uno²,

Ito³

2019

JGS Special Publication

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Sinkhole accidents bring various damages to the society and the infrastructures. Some of the accidents are induced by internal erosion with the seepages. Concretely, soil is drained to cracks and breakages of sewer pipes in urban areas with rainfalls. The underground cavities are expanded by soil drainages and finally it causes sinkholes. Recent studies simulated these phenomena but there are some differences between experimental conditions and actual ones. For examples, practical ground containing fines is not uniform, having lower permeability than of the model ground. This study aims to make connection of the knowledges indicated by the previous researches using simulations by the model ground, and actual phenomena happening in the ground. Firstly, we performed the model tests using a backfill soil. Obvious collapse and cavity expansion hardly occurred because of the very low permeability. It is suggested that two specific conditions are required to promote the cavity expansion; one is the strong seepage close to the cavity, and which directly flow into there. Another is repetitions of drying-wetting in the ground. After the end of infiltration, cone penetration test was performed to evaluate the stiffness vicinity of the cavities. We proposed the new evaluation method based on the fines contents.

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Formation of subsurface cavity and loosening due to defected old sewer pipe

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Experimental assessment of the relationship between rainfall intensity and sinkholes caused by damaged sewer pipes

Experimental assessment of the relationship between rainfall intensity and sinkholes caused by damaged sewer pipes

Effects of Internal Pressure on Urban Water Supply Pipeline Leakage-Induced Soil Subsidence Mechanisms

Conditions of the cavity formation and sinkholes in the practical ground

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