Formation of submicrocrystalline structure in TiAl intermetallic compound

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained copper processes by multiple isothermal forging

“…The large-scale processing was done on a cylinder-shaped sample with the diameter about 70 mm and length about 100 mm according to the whole MIF-procedure including the upsetting along the three axes and drawing operations to restore the original sample shape after each cycle [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The deformation started at T=400°C and finished at T≈180°C when cracks initiated on the sample surface.…”

“…In the latest two decades, a great interest has been given to the development of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods to obtain bulk ultrafine grained (UFG) and nanostructured (NS) materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. These methods are based on a grain refinement in bulk samples when applying extremely large strains without changing their geometry.…”

“…Although it is claimed that this method is capable to produce bulk UFG materials, normally its application is restricted to rod-type samples with the diameter up to 40 mm. A promising method to produce bulk UFG materials is multiple (or multi-step) isothermal forging (MIF) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This method is based on the use of dynamic recrystallization during hot and warm deformation of metals.…”

Principles of processing of an ultrafine-grained structure in large-section billets

“…The above stated principles of producing bulk semiproducts with a uniform UFG structure have been successfully applied at IMSP RAS to dozens of different metals and alloys, such as titanium and titanium-based alloys, steels, aluminum, magnesium, copper, nickel based alloys including hard-todeform nickel-based superalloys and intermetallic alloys (based on the compounds TiAl, Ti 3 Al, Ti 2 AlNb) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The largest and most uniform UFG semi-products have been produced from the Ti-based alloy VT6.…”

Deformational methods of material nanostructuring: Premises, history, state of the art, and prospects

“…The problem of complete use of the dynamic recrystallization potential to reduce grain sizes to produce the nanostructured state had been solved by the HIF method [31][32][33][34][35]. To this end, the fulfillment of three basic requirements was provided in one process, including a significant decrease of the isothermal deformation temperature, retention of the technological plasticity of the material, and uniform evolution of the dynamic recrystallization process.…”