Formation of structural and mechanical inhomogeneities in explosion welding of aluminium to titanium

Гуревич, Л. М.; Trykov, Yu. P.; Киселев, О. С.

doi:10.1080/09507116.2013.796663

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Gurevich et al 110 investigated the structural inhomogeneities of Ti-Al composite, produced via explosive welding. It is observed that titanium aluminide particles in the matrix of the Al-based solid solution Accumulative roll bonding.…”

Section: Diffusion Bonding and Other Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state joining of aluminum to titanium: A review

Gadakh¹,

Badheka

Mulay

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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The dissimilar material joining of aluminum and titanium alloys is recognized as a challenge due to the significant differences in the physical, chemical, and metallurgical properties of these alloys, where the increasing demands for high strength and lightweight alloys in aerospace, defense, and automotive industries. Joining these two alloys using the conventional fusion techniques produces commercially unacceptable sound joints due to irregular, complex weld pool shapes, cracking and low strength, high residual stresses, cracks, and microporosity, and the brittle intermetallic compounds formation leads to poor formability or inferior mechanical properties. The formation of intermetallic compounds is inevitable but it is less severe in solid-state than in the fusion welding process. Hence, this article reviews on aluminum–titanium joining using different solid-state and hybrid joining processes with emphasis on the effect of process parameters of the different processes on the weld microstructure, mechanical properties along with the type of intermetallic compounds and defects formed at the weld interface. Among the various solid-state welding processes for aluminum–titanium joining, the following grades of aluminum and titanium alloys were employed such as cp Ti, Ti6Al4V, cp Al, AA1xxx, AA 2xxx, AA5xxx, AA6xxx, AA7xxx, out of which Ti6Al4V and AA6xxx alloys are the most common combination.

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Section: Diffusion Bonding and Other Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state joining of aluminum to titanium: A review

Gadakh¹,

Badheka

Mulay

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…The authors of [6,7] describe formation of different structure types of fused metal in terms of the time of its existence in liquid state. In our work we use this criterion determined by the method of lumped sources [8] to explain the differences in the structure of the fused zones formed at different values of W 2 .…”

Section: Evolution Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Structure of Local Regions of Fused Metal in Explosion-Welded Nickel-Aluminum Composites Under Heat Treatment

Шморгун¹,

Богданов²,

Гуревич³

2016

Met Sci Heat Treat

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The methods of electron, optical, and atomic force microscopy are used to study the structure, morphology and phase composition of local regions of fused metal in an explosion-welded nickel-aluminum composite. It is shown that the diffusion zone formed due to the heat treatment repeats the contour of the fuse in the first stage and then "absorbs" it upon duration of the hold thus leveling the phase composition. A Ni 2 Al 3 aluminide layer forms on the side of nickel and a NiAl 3 layer forms on the side of aluminum. INTRODUCTIONProduction of bimetallic and multilayer compounds of the aluminum-nickel system with the help of a process combining explosion welding, rolling and heat treatment requires knowledge of the laws of formation of chemical microscopic inhomogeneity in all stages of the production process [1 -3].There are no published data on the effect of local regions of fused metal formed on explosion-welded layer boundaries in nickel-aluminum compounds under welding modes superior to the optimum one on the formation of structure and properties of continuous intermetallic layers forming a layered intermetallic nickel-aluminum composite. Investigation of this effect has become the aim of the present study. METHODS OF STUDYThe initial materials were sheets of nickel of grade NP 2 and aluminum of grade AD 1 with a thickness of 2.5 and 5.0, respectively. Bimetallic composites were formed by explosion welding by an angular scheme, i.e., we varied the process gap from 0.5 to 15 mm, which changed the rate of collision from 354 to 810 m/sec and the fraction of the kinetic energy spent on plastic deformation of the surface layers of the metals (W 2 ) from 0.85 to 2.30 MJ/m 2 .The heat treatment was conducted in an air atmosphere in a SNOL 8.2/1100 furnace. The metallographic analysis was performed with the help of light (Olympus BX61 modular motorized microscope with digital DP-12 camera for imaging) and scanning (Versa 3D scanning electron microscope) microscopy. The area of the fused zones was measured while processing the digital images with the "AnalySIS" software. The microscopic x-ray spectrum analysis was performed with the help of a Versa 3D electron microscope equipped with an EDAX Trident XM 4 energy dispersive spectrometer. The microhardness of the structural components was measured using a PMT-3M device by the method of reconstructed indentation of a diamond tetrahedral pyramid with apex angle 136°(GOST 9450-76) at a load of 0.2 -1 N. The homogeneity of the structure of the fused local zones was determined with the help of a Solver Pro atomic force microscope. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONIt is known that the degree of fusion in explosion-welded joints is determined by the level of plastic deformation of the surface layers of the metals and hence by the fraction of the kinetic energy W 2 spent on its implementation [4]. By the data of the metallographic study the fused zones have a round shape and a not etching structure if the boundary of the joint has a poorly developed wave profile (1.00 < W 2 < 1.85 MJ/m 2 ) ...

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“…Therefore, to produce sound joints of Al/Ti alloys, which are characterized by increased toughness and strength, the intermetallic phase layer should be limited to minimum thickness [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Therefore, various weld configurations and different welding methods have been tested to join aluminum to titanium alloys, including arc technologies—TIG [ 22 , 23 ] or MIG welding [ 24 ], CMT [ 25 ], laser and electron beam welding [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], resistance spot welding [ 32 ], friction welding [ 33 , 34 ], FSW [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], explosion welding [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], diffusion welding [ 44 , 45 , 46 ], and ultrasonic welding [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], and also some hybrid technologies, such as laser–TIG/laser–MIG welding [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], and laser or ultrasonic vibration-assisted brazing [ 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Temperature Fields during Laser Welding–Brazing of Al/Ti Plates

Behúlová

Babalová

2023

Materials

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The formation of dissimilar weld joints, including Al/Ti joints, is an area of research supported by the need for weight reduction and corrosion resistance in automotive, aircraft, aeronautic, and other industries. Depending on the cooling rates and chemical composition, rapid solidification of Al/Ti alloys during laser welding can lead to the development of different metastable phases and the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs). The effort to successfully join aluminum to titanium alloys is associated with demands to minimize the thickness of brittle IMC zones by selecting appropriate welding parameters or applying suitable filler materials. The paper is focused on the numerical simulation of the laser welding–brazing of 2.0 mm thick titanium Grade 2 and EN AW5083 aluminum alloy plates using 5087 aluminum filler wire. The developed simulation model was used to study the impact of laser welding–brazing parameters (laser power, welding speed, and laser beam offset) on the transient temperature fields and weld-pool characteristics. The results of numerical simulations were compared with temperatures measured during the laser welding–brazing of Al/Ti plates using a TruDisk 4002 disk laser, and macrostructural and microstructural analyses, and weld tensile strength measurements, were conducted. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of welded–brazed joints increases with an increase in the laser beam offset to the Al side and with an increase in welding speed. The highest UTS values at the level of 220 MPa and 245 MPa were measured for joints produced at a laser power of 1.8 kW along with a welding speed of 30 mm·s−1 and a laser beam offset of 300 μm and 460 μm, respectively. When increasing the laser power to 2 kW, the UTS decreased. The results exhibited that the tensile strength of Al/Ti welded–brazed joints was dependent, regardless of the welding parameters, on the amount of melted Ti Grade 2, which, during rapid solidification, determines the thickness and morphology of the IMC layer. A simple formula was proposed to predict the tensile strength of welded–brazed joints using the computed cross-sectional Ti weld metal area.

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Formation of structural and mechanical inhomogeneities in explosion welding of aluminium to titanium

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Solid-state joining of aluminum to titanium: A review

Solid-state joining of aluminum to titanium: A review

Evolution of the Structure of Local Regions of Fused Metal in Explosion-Welded Nickel-Aluminum Composites Under Heat Treatment

Numerical Simulation of Temperature Fields during Laser Welding–Brazing of Al/Ti Plates

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