Formation of Stable Bilayer Membranes in Binary Aqueous−Organic Media from a Dialkyl Amphiphile with a Highly Dipolar Head Group¹

Vesicle formation induced by metal ions from micelle-forming sodium hexadecylimino diacetate in dilute aqueous solution

“…In recent years, synthetic amphiphiles that can selforganize into vesicles in dilute aqueous solution have been reported with different chemical structures and composition of headgroups and hydrophobic tail(s). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Several recent reports reveal that vesicle-forming synthetic double-tail amphiphiles can self-assemble into columns of stacked lipid bilayers by metal ion recognition. 9,10 As for common single-tail hydrocarbon amphiphiles, it has been known that they usually form micelles in dilute aqueous solution other than vesicles.…”

Formation of Monolayer Lipid Membranes in Water and Ethanol from Bolaamphiphiles

“…This effect is an advantage with regard to the energy requirement for vesicle formation. Actually, it has been reported that some double-chained amphiphiles formed the ordered aggregates in mixed solvents of water and ethanol (16)(17)(18). So, in bolaamphiphiles I-ethanol systems, this also may overcome the disadvantageous influence of ethanol on the hydrophobic effect, resulting in a more favorable energy condition for ordered aggregates formation.…”

Controlled self-assembly of amphiphiles in ionic liquids and the formation of ionogels by molecular tuning of cohesive energies

“…For example, bilayer membranes are formed not only in water but also in organic solvents including protic and aprotic organic solvents. 16,18,19 The doublechained fluorocarbon amphiphiles with solvophilic hydrocarbon chains form bilayer membranes in aprotic organic solvents. 20 The simultaneous pursuit of 'amphiphilicity' and 'intermolecular interactions' has been further manifested by the complementary hydrogen bond networks in organic 21 and aqueous media.…”