Formation of self-ordered nano-tubular structure of anodic oxide layer on titanium

The role of the Ti surface roughness in the self-ordering of TiO2 nanotubes: a detailed study of the growth mechanism

“…electrostriction, electrostatic and recrystallization stresses at the valleys. 51 Since the surface energy acts as a stabilizing force on a plane surface, when perturbed by a sinusoidal morphology the energy density varies across the hills and valleys, showing higher stress concentration and strain energy on the latter and leading to F -migration and adsorption where the NT structure first occurs. Thus, due to the periodic perturbations of such ripples, the electric field is higher on the valleys, which results in NT growth in these sites.…”

High Density Nano-Electrode Array for Radiation Detection

“…These round samples were then washed in de-ionized (DI) water, and finally in ethanol to remove the impurities and greasy layer present on the surface. The anodization procedure developed in our laboratory was used to form ordered TiO2 nanotubes 80 . For the electrochemical experiments (anodization), the samples were placed in a Teflon flat specimen holder.…”

Effect of Electrostriction on the Self-organization of Porous Nanostructures in Anodized Aluminum Oxide

“…While Singh et al examined elastic effects resulting from epitaxial stress at the metal-oxide interface, we will instead consider the effect of electrostriction induced by the electric field as a possible mechanism for pattern formation. Electrostrictive effects have been suggested before as a possible mechanism for the initial pattern selection during anodization [37], but a thorough analysis of any mathematical model has yet to be carried out. We will additionally use the Butler-Volmer relations to model charge flux at the metal-oxide and oxide-electrolyte interfaces as well the stress contributions to the activation energies at these surfaces.…”