Formation of rigid polyurethane foams with semi-fluorinated diblock copolymeric surfactants

Effects of silicon surfactant in rigid polyurethane foams

“…With increasing surfactant concentration, foam density decreases asymptotically to a small minimum at 0.5 pphp, beyond which the increase is marginal (Figure 1). Similar results were obtained by Krupers et al [22] who reported that average foam height increases, i.e., density decreases with the addition and increasing amount of fluorosurfactant. This implies that the blowing efficiency is increased with the addition of surfactant by supporting the ability to create nuclei and augmenting the stability of the foams.…”

“…Cell size (Figure 4) decreases rapidly to an asymptotic value of about 140 μm with the addition of surfactant. Cell size as small as 100 μm was also reported with fluorosurfactant [22]. On the other hand, the closed cell content ( Figure 5) increases asymptotically with increasing surfactant concentration due to the decrease in surface tension.…”

“…To reinforce the foam, composites with particle, clays and fiber have been considered [17][18][19][20][21]. As far as the present authors are concerned, systematic investigations of the effects of surfactant on various properties of RPUF are sparse, perhaps except those blown with water [7,22].We synthesized various types of RPUFs from CMDI and polypropylene glycols (PPGs) with an environmentally friendly physical blowing agent, viz. HFC 365mfc (CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 3 ), with a potential target application of insulation panel of LNG cargo where high compression strength as well as thermal insulation is highly desired.…”

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(perfluorohexylethyl methacrylate) containing triblock copolymers

“…[6] They have many uses as emulsifier in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide [7,8] and as surfactant for stabilization of polyurethane foams. [9] So far few attempts have been made to prepare semifluorinated block copolymers by means of anionic, [10] cationic, [2] ring opening metathesis, [11] living radical, [12] group transfer, [13] atom transfer radical polymerization [14] and by selective addition of perfluoroalkyl iodides to the C C double bond. [15] Most of the studies that have been carried out on semi-fluorinated block copolymers discuss their behavior at surfaces/interfaces.…”

Carbohydrate‐Modified Silicone Surfactants

“…Silicone surfactants have been widely used in our daily life and many industrial fields such as polyurethane foam, household, personal care, cosmetics, agricultural adjuvants, textiles and coatings as foam stabilizers, detergents, emulsifying agents, wetting agents and antifoaming/defoaming agents [4][5][6][7][8].…”