Formation of Recombinants Between Nontransmissible Drug-Resistance Determinants and Transfer Factors

Mitsuhashi, Susumu; Kameda, Mitsuo; Harada, Kenji; Suzuki, Mitsue

doi:10.1128/jb.97.3.1520-1521.1969

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Transfer (T) factor. As reported in previous papers [11,18], a T95 factor was isolated from E. coli GN-12. T-tet factor is a recombinant between T95 factor and r.,, (tet) determinant [3,18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In previous papers [11,18], 3 possible mechanisms underlying the acquisition of transmissibility of nontransmissible-resistance(r) determinants were presented: 1) the resistance determinant whichwas integrated into the bacterial chromosome was transferred accompanying chromosomal transfer by sex factors such as F, R, X and T factors, 2) acquisition of transferability of a nontransferable R factor which existed ex trachromosomally, by complementation of sex factors, and 3) formation of a recombinant between the r determinant and sex factors; resulting in the formation of F-r, F'-r, R-r and T-r factors [4,6,11,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The F+ (tet) conjugants were capable of transmitting their (tet) determinant by conjugation but the F-(tet) conjugants were not [4]. When E. coli strain carrying the nontransmissible (tet) determinant was infected with F, F', R or T factors, the recombinants F-tet, F'-tet, R-tet and T-tet factors were formed [5,7,11,12,18]. These results strongly suggested.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Formation of Multiple Drug Resistance Factors by Recombination between Transfer Factor and Resistance Determinants

Kameda

Harada

Suzuki

et al. 1972

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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Drug-resistance(r) determinants, r21(tet), r1(cml), and r11(str.sul), were obtained from R factors, and were capable of conferring resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and to both streptomycin and sulfanilamide, respectively. They were integrated into the chromosome ofEscherichia coli K12 and nontransmissible by conjugation.As described previously, the recombinant T-tet factor was formed and conjugally transmissible when E. coli K12 r(tet) + was infected with T95 one of the transfer factors. Similarly, the recombinants T-tet.cml and T-tet.str.sul factors were formed by the interaction between T-tet factor and resistance determinants r1(cml) and r11(str.snl), respectively. Subsequently, T-tet.cml.str.sul factor was formed by the recombination between T-tet.cml factor and r11(str.sul) determinant, and T-tet.str.sul.cml factor was produced by the infection of E. coli K12 r1(cml)+ with T-tet.str.sul factor. These recombinants were conjugally transmissible and transduced by phage P1 as one unit. These results strongly suggested the origin of R factors which were capable of conferring multiple resistance and transmissible by conjugation. According to the segregational patterns of resistance determinants by transduction and by conjugal transmission, the genetic structure of T-tet.cml.str.sul factors was established as being circular and the linkage order of the determinants of these factors was described.The resistance determinants in transductants were consistently segregated between a determinant governing tetracycline (TC) resistance and those responsible for resistance to chloramphenicol(CM), streptomycin(SM) and sulfanilamide(SA) in the transduction of R(TC.CM.SM.SA) factor in E group Salmonella with either bacteriophage epsilon [3] or P22 [25]. It was found that the TC resistance determinants, (tet) in transductants were all nontransferable by conjugation and not cured by treatment with acridine dyes [3]. The (tet) determinant in Salmonella was transferred to Escherichia coli K12 strain in cooperation with the F factor. The F+ (tet) conjugants were capable of transmitting their (tet) determinant by conjugation but the F-(tet) conjugants were not [4]. When E. coli strain carrying the nontransmissible (tet) determinant was infected with F, F', R or T factors, the recombinants F-tet, F'-tet, R-tet and T-tet factors were formed [5,7,11,12,18]. These results strongly suggested. that R factors originated from the formation of recombinants between otherwise nontransmissible resistance(r) determinants and sex factors. This paper deals with the formation of recombinant T-r factors resulting in the formation of multiple resistance factors.

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confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of Multiple Drug Resistance Factors by Recombination between Transfer Factor and Resistance Determinants

Kameda

Harada

Suzuki

et al. 1972

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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“…Anderson and Lewis [3] also reported that the nontransmissible amp gene that existed extrachromosomally became transferable by association with the transfer factor at much higher frequencies than those governing other resistances. The in vitro developed APC resistance in Aerobacter cloacae acquired transferability by the formation of a recombinant between T-tet [13] factor and the otherwise nontransferable amp gene [14]. These results suggest that the amp gene has a strong affinity with the transfer factor and may be integrated easily into various replication units, probably close to the transfer loci.…”

Section: Transduction Of Apc-resistant R Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results suggest that the amp gene has a strong affinity with the transfer factor and may be integrated easily into various replication units, probably close to the transfer loci. Detailed studies of the recombination between the nontransmissible amp gene and some replicons such as R, F or T [13] factors will be described elsewhere.…”

Section: Transduction Of Apc-resistant R Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ampicillin‐Resistant R Factors Derived from Shigella Strains

Tanaka

Hashimoto

Mitsuhashi

1973

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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Sixteen Shigella strains resistant to ampicillin(APC) were isolated from 3760 strains examined in 1965. Five strains among these isolates were resistant to tetracycline(TC), chloramphenicol(CM), streptomycin(SM) and sulfanilamide(SA) in addition to APC, and transferred their APC resistances by conjugation together with the aforementioned four drugs. The 5-drug resistance was transferred to an Escherichia coli strain and the resistance was analyzed by both conjugation and transduction. Three out of the five Shigella strains transferred a single type of R(TC.CM.SM.SA.APC)factor, but the linkage relationship between the resistant markers were different from each other. The ampicillin gene, however, was always linked close to the genes governing both transfer and replication. The 5-drug resistance was transferred to an E. coli strain from the remaining two Shigella strains. According to the genetic studies of E. coli strains which had acquired the 5-drug resistance, it was concluded that the two parent Shigella strains carried two types of R factors in a cell, i.e., fi+R(TC.CM.SM.SA) and fi-(SM.APC). These two R factors in a cell sometimes recombined and formed a recombinant R factor possessing the 5-drug resistance in which the ampicillin gene was linked close to the transfer gene. The enzymological properties of the five penicillinases coded by R factors possessed by the five Shigella strains were all similar to each other and of the type 1 penicillinase, which was demonstrated from Klebsiella pneumoniae and mediated by most of the R factors.

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Transferable colicinogenic factors as mobilizing agents for extrachromosomal streptomycin resistance

Fredericq

Krčméry

Kettner

1971

J of Basic Microbiology

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Many strains with transferable colicinopenic factors were found to mobilize non-transferable but extrachromosomally located streptomycin resistance determinants in laboratory strains. I n turn, with only one exception, all strains which were found in triparental crosses to mobilize the transfer of the S-determinants harboured a transferable col factor. These findings may show the ecological importance of transferable colicinogenic strains which occur frequently among wild type strains of E. coli in the origin and spreading of resistance transfer factors under natural conditions. When studying transfer factors and transferable resistance, it is nesseesary t o check the donor strains for colicinogeny and t o destroy the colicines produced. Otherwise false negative results may be obtained.During the investigation of the so-called transfer factors (ANDERSON 1968) in antibiotic-susceptible wild type strains of Escherichi coli, it was found in this laboratory that, with only one exception, the susceptible transfer factor bearing (tj") strains of E . coli are colicinogenic and harbour a transferable col factor.Occurrence of the transfer factor property in some colicinogenic strains i. e. that function of a sex factor which provides transfer of non-transmissible but extrachromosomal resistance to antibiotics was also observed by LEWIS (1968). The principles of this mobilization were reviewed by MEYNELL et al. (1968).I n turn, we also observed that the strain E . coli K-260, bearing three colicinogenic factors, and some other strains with transferable colicinogenic factors (further designed as tf+col+) e . g. 63 R-82 and 62 G-1 were able to mobilize extrachromosomal but non-transferable streptomycin resistance (further designated as tj-S,,). It therefore seemed interesting to investigate, on a larger scale, the ability of the tf+col+ factors to mobilize and mediate the transfer of S-determinants which ot'herwise are not transferred to various recipient strains although localized extrachromosomally (LEWIS 1969. Therefore, 15 tf+col+ strains and 8 tf-col' strains i. e . strains with non-transmissible col factors were tested. Throughout this study, trypsine was used t o inactivate the colicines produced.

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Formation of Recombinants Between Nontransmissible Drug-Resistance Determinants and Transfer Factors

Abstract: Noninfectious drug-resistance determinants acquired conjugal transmissibility by the formation of recombinants with transfer factors, suggesting the origin of R factors.

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Formation of Multiple Drug Resistance Factors by Recombination between Transfer Factor and Resistance Determinants

Formation of Multiple Drug Resistance Factors by Recombination between Transfer Factor and Resistance Determinants

Ampicillin‐Resistant R Factors Derived from Shigella Strains

Transferable colicinogenic factors as mobilizing agents for extrachromosomal streptomycin resistance

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