Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota

Louis, Petra; Flint, Harry J.

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13589

Cited by 1,774 publications

(1,589 citation statements)

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“…Importantly, this study revealed changes in the expression of genes involved in host-glycan catabolism and trophic interactions between the gut commensals. This interplay leads to the formation of butyrate at the mucosal layer that is proposed to be beneficial to the host (Koh et al 2016, Louis andFlint 2017). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anaerostipes caccae crossfed on a part of the mucin sugars liberated by Akkermansia muciniphila for central metabolism. In addition, Anaerostipes caccae can incorporate Akkermansia muciniphila-derived acetate for butyrate production via butyryl-CoA: acetate CoAtransferase enzyme (Duncan et al 2004, Louis and Flint 2017.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, are present at high numbers in the adult gut and have the key metabolic capacity to produce butyrate and propionate (Flint et al 2012a, Louis andFlint 2017). The degradation of complex carbohydrates by Firmicutes involves a modular enzyme system encoded by gene loci resembling the PUL in the Gram-negative Bacteroides, namely Gram-positive PUL (Sheridan et al 2016).…”

Section: Comparative Genomics Reveal Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This metabolic outcome can be partially explained by the composition of the gut microbiota. Butyrateproducing bacteria are mainly belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, from the families of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae (Louis and Flint 2017). Butyrogens are detected at low levels early in life (de Weerth et al 2013, Jost et al 2012.…”

Section: Microbial Network Leading To Butyrate Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the succinate, acrylate, and propanediol pathways (Louis and Flint 2017). Nevertheless, Anaerostipes caccae is predicted to synthesise vitamin B12 but lacked a vitamin B12 transporter.…”

Section: Amuc-acac Co-cultures (Belzer Et Al 2017) Propionate Is Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-feeding interactions of gut symbionts driven by human milk oligosaccharidesand mucins

Chia¹

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Chapter 4Microbial metabolic networks at the mucus layer lead to dietindependent butyrate and vitamin B12 production by intestinal symbionts 71 Chapter 5Deciphering trophic interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila and the butyrogenic gut commensal Anaerostipes caccae using a metatranscriptomic approach 97 Chapter 6General discussion 123 Chapter 7 Thesis summary & Nederlandse samenvatting 143 Appendices References 153Co-author affiliations 179Acknowledgements 183About the author 184List of publications 185 VLAG training activities 186Chapter 1 General introduction and thesis outlineChapter 1 2 General introductionHumans can be considered holobionts, consisting of cells from the host and an even larger number of microorganisms (Postler and Ghosh 2017). The majority of microbes are residing in the gut (Sender et al 2016). The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem consisting of bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes and viruses (Clemente et al 2012). Over 2000 species-level phylotypes (prokaryotes including bacteria and archaea) have been detected for the gut microbiota, with each individual estimated to host at least 160 species (Qin et al 2010, Zoetendal et al 2008. The gut microbiota may impact the well-being of human and susceptibility for diseases by interacting with our metabolic, immune and neurological system (Honda and Littman 2016, Koh et al 2016, Rogers et al 2016. Furthermore, the gut microbiota contributes to a variety of metabolic functions and can be seen as an essential part of our digestive system (El Kaoutari et al 2013). Bacterial symbionts allow the human hosts to utilise inaccessible nutrients by converting complex substrates to short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and vitamins (Fisher et al 2017). Bacterial-derived SCFAs are estimated to contribute about 10% of our daily caloric requirement (Bergman 1990). While all SCFAs are vital for maintaining gut homeostasis, butyrate is of particular interest because it has been attributed to a range of health-promoting functions. Butyrate is the primary energy source for colonic epithelial cells and is associated with the enhancement of colonic barrier function, increase of satiety, pain relief, anti-inflammatory responses, and protection against colorectal cancer (Banasiewicz et al 2013, Bolognini et al 2016, Donohoe et al 2011, Furusawa et al 2013, Goncalves and Martel 2013.Considering the physiological benefits of butyrate to human health, this thesis investigates the microbial interaction of gut symbionts that support butyrate production driven primarily by the host produced glycans in human milk and mucus. Glycans are compounds consisting of an array of glycosidically linked monosaccharides (monosaccharides and disaccharides are collectively termed sugars) such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) and mucins (Varki and Kornfeld 2017). HMOS present in mother milk are the major compositional and functional driver of the infant gut microbiota (Backhed et al 2015). Mucin glycans covering the intestinal lining create a stable niche for bacterial coloni...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Genomics Reveal Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Network Leading To Butyrate Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the succinate, acrylate, and propanediol pathways (Louis and Flint 2017). Nevertheless, Anaerostipes caccae is predicted to synthesise vitamin B12 but lacked a vitamin B12 transporter.…”

Section: Amuc-acac Co-cultures (Belzer Et Al 2017) Propionate Is Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-feeding interactions of gut symbionts driven by human milk oligosaccharidesand mucins

Chia¹

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Association of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Gut Microbiome With Clinical Response to Treatment With Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab in Patients With Solid Cancer Tumors

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors has been remarkably effective for treating multiple cancer types, and the gut microbiome is a possible factor affecting immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy. However, the association between the gut microbiome and immune status of the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major end product metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and have wide-ranging impacts on host physiology. OBJECTIVE To evaluate fecal and plasma SCFAs in patients with solid cancer tumors treated with programmed cell death-1 inhibitors (PD-1i).

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Host–diet–microbiota interplay in intestinal nutrition and health

Ignatiou,

Pitsouli

2024

FEBS Letters

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The intestine is populated by a complex and dynamic assortment of microbes, collectively called gut microbiota, that interact with the host and contribute to its metabolism and physiology. Diet is considered a key regulator of intestinal microbiota, as ingested nutrients interact with and shape the resident microbiota composition. Furthermore, recent studies underscore the interplay of dietary and microbiota‐derived nutrients, which directly impinge on intestinal stem cells regulating their turnover to ensure a healthy gut barrier. Although advanced sequencing methodologies have allowed the characterization of the human gut microbiome, mechanistic studies assessing diet–microbiota–host interactions depend on the use of genetically tractable models, such as Drosophila melanogaster. In this review, we first discuss the similarities between the human and fly intestines and then we focus on the effects of diet and microbiota on nutrient‐sensing signaling cascades controlling intestinal stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation, as well as disease. Finally, we underline the use of the Drosophila model in assessing the role of microbiota in gut‐related pathologies and in understanding the mechanisms that mediate different whole‐body manifestations of gut dysfunction.

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Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota

Cited by 1,774 publications

References 75 publications

Cross-feeding interactions of gut symbionts driven by human milk oligosaccharidesand mucins

Cross-feeding interactions of gut symbionts driven by human milk oligosaccharidesand mucins

Association of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Gut Microbiome With Clinical Response to Treatment With Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab in Patients With Solid Cancer Tumors

Host–diet–microbiota interplay in intestinal nutrition and health

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