Formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) by phototrophic and chemolithotrophic bacteria

Liebergesell, Matthias; Hustede, E.; Timm, Arnulf; Steinbüchel, Alexander; Fuller, R. C.; Lenz, Robert W.; Schlegel, H. G.

doi:10.1007/bf00244955

Cited by 152 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Indeed, among the varied photoautotrophic culture conditions tested, only in two circumstances was any PHB detected: after a prolonged culture period in a mineral medium devoid of either a nitrogen or a phosphorus source. Therefore, those nutrient limitations that had been shown to induce the accumulation of large quantities of PHB in chemoheterotrophic (Dawes & Senior, 1973 ;Byrom, 1987;Anderson & Dawes, 1990) or in photoheterotrophic (Merrick, 1978;Brand1 et al, 1991;Liebergesell et al, 1991) micro-organisms had only a minor effect on PHB accumulation in this photoautotrophic cyanobacterium. This distinctive behaviour of Spirutina is most plausibly ascribed to the lack of a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Glycogen and poly- -hydroxybutyrate synthesis in Spirulina maxima

Philippis¹,

Chen²,

Vincenzini³

1992

Journal of General Microbiology

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The effect of different growth conditions on the glycogen and poly-/I-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) content of the cyanobacterium Spirulina maxima is described. Under photoautotrophic growth conditions without any nutrient limitation, S. maxima exhibited a glycogen content of between 7-1 and 10.7% of cell dry wt, whereas PHB was undetectable. When S. maxima was grown under mixotrophic conditions in the presence of acetate, the intracellular PHB concentration increased to more than 3 % of dry wt, while glycogen content remained within the range of 5 to 6% of cell dry wt. Nitrogen starvation favoured glycogen accumulation (up to 60 to 70% of dry wt), while the PHB content remained low (up to 0.7% of dry wt), even after prolonged nitrogen starvation. Inhibition of protein synthesis, induced by addition of azaserine, led to the accumulation of glycogen (up to 52 yo of cell dry wt) but did not stimulate PHB synthesis. Under phosphorus-limited growth conditions, glycogen and PHB accumulated (up to 23% and 1.2% of cell dry wt, respectively) only after the exhaustion of intracellular phosphorus reserves. Shifting the culture from low to high light irradiance induced a rapid accumulation of glycogen (up to 34% of cell dry wt after 9 h) but did not induce PHB synthesis. Results are discussed in terms of the metabolic significance of PHB synthesis in cyanobacteria, and suggest that this polymer acts exclusively as a disposal mechanism to eliminate excess reducing equivalents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Glycogen and poly- -hydroxybutyrate synthesis in Spirulina maxima

Philippis¹,

Chen²,

Vincenzini³

1992

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Based on the number of carbon atoms in the monomer units, PHAs can be divided into four groups. The short chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (scl-PHAs), which consist of C 3 -C 5 atoms, medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) consisting of C 6 -C 14 atoms and long chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (lcl-PHAs) containing >C 14 monomers, and PHAs containing both scl-and mcl-monomer units have been identified in several bacteria (59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64). In addition, the random copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (P(3HB-3HH) or P(HB-HH) was found to be accumulated in some Aeromonas strains (64).…”

Section: Chemical Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates-eco-friendly next generation plastic: Production, biocompatibility, biodegradation, physical properties and applications

Muhammadi

Shabina

Afzal

et al. 2015

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

266

139

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are intracellular aliphatic polyesters synthesized as energy reserves, in the form of water-insoluble, nano-sized discrete and optically dense granules in cytoplasm by a diverse bacteria and some archae under conditions of limiting nutrients in the presence of excess carbon source. Bacteria synthesize different PHAs from coenzyme A thioesters of respective hydroxyalkanoic acid, and degrade intracellularly for reuse and extracellularly in natural environments by other microorganisms. In vivo, PHAs exist as amorphous mobile liquid and water-insoluble inclusions but in vitro, exhibit material and mechanical properties, ranging from stiff and brittle crystalline to elastomeric and molding, similar to petrochemical thermoplastics. Further, they are hydrophobic, isotactic, biocompatible and exhibit piezoelectric properties. But as commodity plastics their applications are limited by high production cost, low yield, in vivo degradation, complexity of technology and difficulty of extraction. Therefore, to replace the conventional plastic with PHAs, it is prerequisite to standardize the PHA production systems.

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“…It has been proposed that all enzymes necessary for the synthesis of PHA from acetylCoA associate with PHA inclusions in C. necator (Uchino et al, 2007). In C. necator, PHA synthase (PhaC) becomes insoluble by granule binding because the PHA chain remains covalently linked to the enzyme during the synthesis of the polymer (Liebergesell et al, 1991;Gerngross et al, 1993). In addition to PhaC, other granuleassociated proteins include the intracellular PHA depolymerase (PhaZ), phasins (PhaP) and regulator protein of the phasin expression (PhaR) (Luengo et al, 2003).…”

Section: Intracellular Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%