Formation of PCDF, PCDD, PCB, and PCN in de novo synthesis from PAH: Mechanistic aspects and correlation to fluidized bed incinerators

Weber, Roland; Iino, Fukuya; Imagawa, Takashi; Takeuchi, Masao; Sakurai, Takeshi; Sadakata, Masayoshi

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00508-7

Cited by 174 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

105

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These three plants had dl-PCNs/ total PCNs ratios ranging from 0.8 to 0.88, compared with It is possible that the difference in type of incinerators as well as the type of waste incinerated may be responsible for the difference in the degree of chlorination and dl-PCN/total PCN ratios. For instance, it has been suggested that different PCN emission patterns may exist between fluidized bed and some grate MSW incinerators Weber et al 2001). The characteristics of PCN profiles from different cataloged sources have been applied to identify the specific source of PCNs in the environment (Schneider et al 1998;Helm and Bidleman 2003;Pan et al 2011).…”

Section: Profiles Of Emitted Pcnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have been conducted to understand how PCNs form and several formation mechanisms have been suggested such as chlorination of naphthalene, de novo synthesis from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and chlorophenol condensation (Weber et al 2001;Oh et al 2007;Jansson et al 2008;Liu et al 2010). To investigate the formation mechanisms, the relationships between PCNs and other incinerator emission compounds, such as naphthalene, PAHs, and PCDD/Fs, were examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They suggested that PCN formation was related to chlorination/dechlorination mechanisms, similar to PCDFs formation. Meanwhile, Weber et al (2001) suggested that PCNs can be formed via de novo synthesis from PAHs based on results of the de novo experiments. The formation mechanism of PCNs is, however, still unclear and needs further study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of polychlorinated naphthalenes in stack gas emissions from waste incinerators

Zheng

et al. 2012

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nine typical waste incinerating plants were investigated for polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) contents in their stack gas. The incinerators investigated include those used to incinerate municipal solid, aviation, medical, and hazardous wastes including those encountered in cement kilns. PCNs were qualified and quantified by isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry techniques. An unexpectedly high concentration of PCNs (13,000 ngNm −3 ) was found in the stack gas emitted from one waste incinerator. The PCN concentrations ranged from 97.6 to 874 ngNm −3 in the other waste incinerators. The PCN profiles were dominated by lower chlorinated homologues, with mono-to tetra-CNs being the main homologues present. Furthermore, the relationships between PCNs and other unintentional persistent organic pollutants involving polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and pentachlorobenzene were examined to ascertain the closeness or otherwise of their formation mechanisms. A good correlation was observed between ΣPCN (tetra-to octa-CN) and ΣPCDF (tetra-to octa-CDF) concentrations suggesting that a close relationship may exist between their formation mechanisms. The results would provide an improved understanding of PCN emissions from waste incinerators.

show abstract

Section: Profiles Of Emitted Pcnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of polychlorinated naphthalenes in stack gas emissions from waste incinerators

Zheng

et al. 2012

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In municipal incineration processes, PCNs may be formed from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through similar de novo pathways to those that produce PCDFs (Iino et al, 1999;Imagawa and Lee, 2001;Weber et al, 2001;Oh et al, 2007). Kim and coworkers found that PCNs could be formed by the coupling of chlorinated phenoxy radicals (formed from chlorophenol) at high temperatures (Kim et al, 2005(Kim et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly ash-mediated formation of polychlorinated naphthalenes during secondary copper smelting and mechanistic aspects

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Based on the above analysis, these results of this study indicate that the chlorination of the less chlorinated PCDD/F homologs could be one of the important pathways in the formation of higher chlorinated PCDD/F homologs, and, in particular, OCDF. The oxychlorination and breakdown steps of carbon definitely make great contribution to the formation of higher chlorinated furans (Weber et al 2001b). The large amounts of PCDF formed in thermal reactions might be formed through multiple pathways including chlorination, de novo synthesis, and so on.…”

Section: Quality Control and Assurancementioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process

Wang

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Secondary copper smelting (SeCu) is widely considered to be an important source of polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs; PCDD/Fs). Laboratory experiments were performed using SeCu fly ash as a matrix for thermochemical reactions to investigate the effects of fly ash on the formation of PCDD/Fs and the potential mechanisms. Thermochemical reactions on SeCu fly ash over a temperature range of 250-450°C and reaction times of 10-120 min caused the PCDD/F concentrations in the fly ash to increase significantly. The PCDD/F concentrations formed in the thermal reactions were about 99-139 times higher than the PCDD/F concentrations in the original fly ash, clearly indicating that fly ash promoted the formation of PCDD/Fs. The PCDFs dominated the PCDDs, and the PCDF/PCDD concentration ratio was about 30-40. Octachlorodibenzofuran ( O C D F ) , o c t a c h l o r o d i b e n z o -p -d i o x i n , a n d t h e heptachlorodibenzofurans were the most dominant homologs that were formed. A comparison of the PCDD/F patterns produced in the thermochemical reactions and the patterns in the original fly ash suggested that the chlorination of less chlorinated PCDFs might be an important pathway in the formation of higher chlorinated furans. The results of this study indicated that SeCu fly ash has a high PCDD/F formation potential. It is crucial to have the fly ash filter at low temperature and that fly ash in the cooling system should be minimized.

show abstract

Formation of PCDF, PCDD, PCB, and PCN in de novo synthesis from PAH: Mechanistic aspects and correlation to fluidized bed incinerators

Cited by 174 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization of polychlorinated naphthalenes in stack gas emissions from waste incinerators

Characterization of polychlorinated naphthalenes in stack gas emissions from waste incinerators

Fly ash-mediated formation of polychlorinated naphthalenes during secondary copper smelting and mechanistic aspects

Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About