Formation of particulate sulfate and nitrate over the Pearl River Delta in the fall: Diagnostic analysis using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model

Qin, Momei; Wang, Xuesong; Hu, Yongtao; Huang, Xin; He, Lingyan; Zhong, Lexuan; Song, Yu; Hu, Min; Zhang, Yuanhang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.027

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Contribution patterns of AERO to PNH4 in both periods were consistent with those of PNO3, though the rates were smaller. On the contrary, PSO4 formation was mainly caused by atmospheric advection transport during the two periods, which were consistent with the previous study (Qin et al 2015).…”

Section: • Panyu Sitesupporting

confidence: 82%

Process Contributions to Secondary Inorganic Aerosols during Typical Pollution Episodes over the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Huang

Zheng

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The Integrated Process Rate (IPR) analysis embedded in CAMx model was used to quantify contributions from different atmospheric processes to the formations and accumulations of ambient PM 2.5 and the secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) during two typical particulate pollution episodes in different seasons in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Process analysis results indicated that primary fine particle emissions were the major sources of high ambient PM 2.5 in urban areas with intensive anthropogenic activities. Aerosol process and advection transport were another two major processes contributing to the increasing PM 2.5 and SIA over the PRD region. Regarding formation of SIA species, elevations of nitrate and ammonium at Guangzhou (urban), Heshan (rural) and Panyu (suburban) sites were largely associated with aerosol process, while those at Huizhou (urban) site were dominated by advection process, but elevated sulfate concentrations at these four sites were all dominated by advection process. The difference can be attributed to spatial variations of SO 2 , NO x and NH 3 emissions, site locations and meteorological conditions. Advection, aerosol chemistry, deposition and vertical diffusion were important pathways to remove SIA at these four sites. Within the hours with most growing PM 2.5 concentrations, aerosol process was the most important contributor to the formation of new SIA throughout the entire planetary boundary layer.

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Section: • Panyu Sitesupporting

confidence: 82%

Process Contributions to Secondary Inorganic Aerosols during Typical Pollution Episodes over the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Huang

Zheng

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…complex interactions of atmospheric chemistry and physics (UNC, 2010). The model has been widely applied and tested in China (Qin et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2017;Zheng et al, 2019). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Configuration Of Air Quality Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and evaluation of atmospheric ammonia emissions with different methods: a case study for the Yangtze River Delta region, China

et al. 2020

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Abstract. To explore the effects of data and method on emission estimation, two inventories of NH3 emissions of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in eastern China were developed for 2014 based on constant emission factors (E1) and those characterizing agricultural processes (E2). The latter derived the monthly emission factors and activity data integrating the local information of soil, meteorology, and agricultural processes. The total emissions were calculated to be 1765 and 1067 Gg with E1 and E2, respectively, and clear differences existed in seasonal and spatial distributions. Elevated emissions were found in March and September in E2, attributed largely to the increased top dressing fertilization and to the enhanced NH3 volatilization under high temperature, respectively. A relatively large discrepancy between the inventories existed in the northern YRD with abundant croplands. With the estimated emissions 38 % smaller in E2, the average of simulated NH3 concentrations with an air quality model using E2 was 27 % smaller than that using E1 at two ground sites in the YRD. At the suburban site in Pudong, Shanghai (SHPD), the simulated NH3 concentrations with E1 were generally larger than observations, and the modeling performance was improved, indicated by the smaller normalized mean errors (NMEs) when E2 was applied. In contrast, very limited improvement was found at the urban site JSPAES, as E2 failed to improve the emission estimation of transportation and residential activities. Compared to NH3, the modeling performance for inorganic aerosols was better for most cases, and the differences between the simulated concentrations with E1 and E2 were clearly smaller, at 7 %, 3 %, and 12 % (relative to E1) for NH4+, SO42-, and NO3-, respectively. Compared to the satellite-derived NH3 column, application of E2 significantly corrected the overestimation in vertical column density for January and October with E1, but it did not improve the model performance for July. The NH3 emissions might be underestimated with the assumption of linear correlation between NH3 volatilization and soil pH for acidic soil, particularly in warm seasons. Three additional cases, i.e., 40 % abatement of SO2, 40 % abatement of NOx, and 40 % abatement of both species, were applied to test the sensitivity of NH3 and inorganic aerosol concentrations to precursor emissions. Under an NH3-rich condition, estimation of SO2 emissions was detected to be more effective on simulation of secondary inorganic aerosols compared to NH3. Reduced SO2 would restrain the formation of (NH4)2SO4 and thereby enhance the NH3 concentrations. To improve the air quality more effectively and efficiently, NH3 emissions should be substantially controlled along with SO2 and NOx in the future.

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“…CMAQ is a three-dimensional Eulerian model designed for understanding the complex interactions of atmospheric chemistry and physics (http://www.cmaq-model.org). The model has been widely applied and tested in China (Qin et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2017;Zheng et al, 2019). As shown in Figure 1, two nested domains were applied with the spatial resolutions of 27 and 9 km respectively, on a Lambert Conformal Conic projection centered at (110 o E, 34 o N).…”

Section: Configuration Of Air Quality Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and evaluation of atmospheric ammonia emissions with different methods: A case study for the Yangtze River Delta region, China

Yu¹,

Yuan²,

Huang³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. To explore the effects of data and method on emission estimation, two inventories of NH3 emissions of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in eastern China were developed for 2014 based on the constant emission factors (E1) and those characterizing the agricultural processes (E2), respectively. The latter integrated the detailed information of soil, meteorology and agricultural processes, and derived the monthly information of emission factors and activity data. The total emissions were calculated at 1765 and 1067&#8201;Gg, respectively, and agricultural activities (livestock farming and fertilizer use) were estimated to contribute 74&#8211;84&#8201;% to total emissions in the two inventories. Clear differences existed in seasonal and spatial distributions of NH3 emissions. Elevated emissions were found in March and September in E2, attributed largely to the increased top dressing fertilization and to the enhanced NH3 volatilization under high temperature, respectively. Relatively large discrepancy between the methods existed in northern Yangtze River Delta areas with abundant croplands. The two inventories were evaluated through air quality modeling and available ground and satellite observation. With the estimated emissions 38&#8201;% smaller in E2, the average of simulated NH3 concentrations using E2 was 27&#8201;% smaller than that using E1 at two ground observation sites in the YRD region. At the suburban SHPD site, the simulated NH3 concentrations with E1 were generally larger than observation, and the modeling performance was largely improved indicated by the smaller NMEs when E2 was applied. In contrast, very limited improvement was found at the urban site JSPAES, as E2 failed to improve the emission estimation of local sources including transportation and residential activities. Compared to NH3, the modeling performance for inorganic aerosols was better for most cases, and the differences between the simulated concentrations with E1 and E2 were clearly smaller, at 7&#8201;%, 3&#8201;% and 12&#8201;% (relative to E1) for NH4+, SO42&#8722;, and NO3&#8722;, respectively. Regarding the satellite-derived NH3 column, application of E2 significantly corrected the overestimation in vertical column density simulation for January and October with E1, but did not improve the model performance for July. The NH3 emissions might be underestimated with the assumption of linear correlation between NH3 volatilization and soil pH for acidic soil, particularly in warm seasons. Three additional cases, i.e., 40&#8201;% abatement of SO2, 40&#8201;% abatement of NOX, and 40&#8201;% abatement of both species were applied to test the sensitivity of NH3 and inorganic aerosol concentrations to precursor emissions. Under an NH3-rich condition for most of YRD, estimation of SO2 emissions was detected to be more effective on simulation of secondary inorganic aerosols compared to NH3. Reduced SO2 would restrain the formation of (NH4)2SO4, and thereby enhance the NH3 concentrations. Besides the emissions, uncertainties existed as well in the limitations of ground and satellite observation and incomplete mechanism of gas to particle conversion applied in the model. To improve the air quality more effectively and efficiently, NH3 emissions should be substantially controlled along with SO2 and NOX in the future.

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Formation of particulate sulfate and nitrate over the Pearl River Delta in the fall: Diagnostic analysis using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model

Cited by 47 publications

References 49 publications

Process Contributions to Secondary Inorganic Aerosols during Typical Pollution Episodes over the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Process Contributions to Secondary Inorganic Aerosols during Typical Pollution Episodes over the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Quantification and evaluation of atmospheric ammonia emissions with different methods: a case study for the Yangtze River Delta region, China

Quantification and evaluation of atmospheric ammonia emissions with different methods: A case study for the Yangtze River Delta region, China

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