Formation of nuclear heterochromatin

Guetg, Claudio; Santoro, Raffaella

doi:10.4161/epi.21072

Cited by 79 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The precise mechanisms that determine which rDNA repeats are active and which are inactive remain unknown. Thus far, researchers have found important roles for methylation, nucleosome position, and chromatin remodeling complexes (such as the activating Cockayne Syndrome protein B and NoRC repressive remodeling complex) in the maintenance of active and silent rDNA repeats (reviewed in McStay and Grummt 2008; Guetg and Santoro 2012). Furthermore, Haaf, et al found that rDNA transcriptional activity varies according to cell type and may change with stages of development (Haaf et al 1991).…”

Section: Nors Dictate Nucleolar Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of mammalian nucleolar architecture

et al. 2015

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The nucleolus is responsible for the production of ribosomes, essential machines which synthesize all proteins needed by the cell. The structure of human nucleoli is highly dynamic and is directly related to its functions in ribosome biogenesis. Despite the importance of this organelle, the intricate relationship between nucleolar structure and function remains largely unexplored. How do cells control nucleolar formation and function? What are the minimal requirements for making a functional nucleolus? Here we review what is currently known regarding mammalian nucleolar formation at nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), which can be studied by observing the dissolution and reformation of the nucleolus during each cell division. Additionally, the nucleolus can be examined by analyzing how alterations in nucleolar function manifest in differences in nucleolar architecture. Furthermore, changes in nucleolar structure and function are correlated with cancer, highlighting the importance of studying the determinants of nucleolar formation.

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Section: Nors Dictate Nucleolar Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of mammalian nucleolar architecture

et al. 2015

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“…In fact, the formation of heterochromatin is crucial for maintaining nucleolar structure and the integrity of rDNA (70). For example, H3K9 methylation and RNA interference regulate nucleolar stability, and the loss of H3K9 methylation induces fragmentation of the nucleolus due to illegitimate recombination of repetitive DNA sequences (8).…”

Section: Nucleoli In Npm2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Nucleolar Histone Chaperone NPM1 Triggers Rearrangement of Heterochromatin and Synergizes with a Deficiency in DNA Methyltransferase DNMT3A to Drive Ribosomal DNA Transcription

Olausson

Nistér

Lindström

2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: NPM1 is a nucleolar histone chaperone mutated in cancer. Results: NPM1-deficient cells display rearrangement of perinucleolar heterochromatin, and simultaneous knockdown of NPM1 and DNMT3A enhances transcription of ribosomal DNA. Conclusion: NPM1 loss disrupts heterochromatin organization around the nucleolus. Significance: Rearrangement of heterochromatin in NPM1-deficient cells may be of importance in tumor development.

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“…In addition, the nucleolar association of CENP-W contributes to facilitate the recruitment of kinetochore components during mitotic prophase [9]. Although nucleolus is recognized as the most active site of gene transcription [10], ironically, a shell of highly condensed heterochromatic DNA, consisting of repetitive major satellite (pericentric) and minor satellite (centric) repeats, also surround nucleoli [10]. In this study, we proposed that the centromeric nucleolus-associated protein, CENP-W, may function in transcriptional repression by associating with PRC2 machinery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%