Formation of NOx precursors during wheat straw pyrolysis and gasification with O2 and CO2

Ren, Qiangqiang; Zhao, Changsui; Wu, X.; Liang, Cai; Shen, Jing; Wang, Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.12.001

Cited by 66 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, larger particles with longer diffusion path may favor reaction of HCN with H 2 O and enhance formation of NH 3 as has been observed by some researchers [161,180]. It has also been observed that HNCO and NO release is higher for smaller particles.…”

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…As the particle size increases, the yield of nitrogen species generally reduces [180]. This observation correlates with the fact that volatile release from a particle increases as the particle size decreases.…”

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Ren and Zhao [175] studied the pyrolysis and O 2 and CO 2 gasification behavior of phenylalanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid in a TGA at temperatures ranging from 0 K to1073 K. The distinct structures of these amino acids cause them to behave slightly differently under argon pyrolysis as well as O 2 and CO 2 gasification. Ren et al [176] found that the structure of the amino acids, the mineral matter content of biomass [178,179], the pyrolysis/gasification condition and the particle size [161,180] affects significantly the fate of nitrogen during pyrolysis of biomass. The thermal decomposition of amino acids and proteins proceeds mainly through dehydration with formation of cyclic amides, with diketopiperazine (DKP) being the common one [172][173][174]177].…”

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of CO 2 suppresses the release of HNCO while enhancing formation of NH 3 and NO [180] during gasification of amino acids, whereas HCN, HNCO and NO are promoted with the presence of O 2 .…”

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been observed that HNCO and NO release is higher for smaller particles. A probable explanation is that the temperature gradient within smaller particles is negligible during pyrolysis, therefore, the product of cracking of cyclic amides are quickly released as HNCO and NO [180]. Large particles retain more nitrogen in the solid phase than small particles because volatiles rebound to the solid phase during the transport out of the particles [190].…”

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

2014

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Abstract:Biomass is relatively cleaner than coal and is the only renewable carbon resource that can be directly converted into fuel. Biomass can significantly contribute to the world's energy needs if harnessed sustainably. However, there are also problems associated with the thermal conversion of biomass. This paper investigates and discusses issues associated with the thermal conversion of coal and biomass as a blend. Most notable topics reviewed are slagging and fouling caused by the relatively reactive alkali and alkaline earth compounds (K 2 O, Na 2 O and CaO) found in biomass ash. The alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) present and dispersed in biomass fuels induce catalytic activity during co-conversion with coal. The catalytic activity is most noticeable when blended with high rank coals. The synergy during co-conversion is still controversial although it has been theorized that biomass acts like a hydrogen donor in liquefaction. Published literature also shows that coal and biomass exhibit different mechanisms, depending on the operating conditions, for the formation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur species. Utilization aspects of fly ash from blending coal and biomass are discussed. Recommendations are made on pretreatment options to increase the energy density of biomass fuels through pelletization, torrefaction and flash pyrolysis to reduce transportation costs.

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Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

2014

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Emissions of nitrogen‐containing organic compounds from the burning of herbaceous and arboraceous biomass: Fuel composition dependence and the variability of commonly used nitrile tracers

Coggon

Veres

Yuan

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

107

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from residential wood and crop residue burning were measured in Colorado, U.S. When compared to the emissions from crop burning, residential wood burning exhibited markedly lower concentrations of acetonitrile, a commonly used biomass burning tracer. For both herbaceous and arboraceous fuels, the emissions of nitrogen‐containing VOCs (NVOCs) strongly depend on the fuel nitrogen content; therefore, low NVOC emissions from residential wood burning result from the combustion of low‐nitrogen fuel. Consequently, the emissions of compounds hazardous to human health, such as HNCO and HCN, and the formation of secondary pollutants, such as ozone generated by NOx, are likely to depend on fuel nitrogen. These results also demonstrate that acetonitrile may not be a suitable tracer for domestic burning in urban areas. Wood burning emissions may be best identified through analysis of the emissions profile rather than reliance on a single tracer species.

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Co‐use of organic herbal residue and red mud waste for syngas production by chemical looping gasification

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Tremendous amounts of organic residue from manufacturing herbal medicines and inorganic red mud waste from mining bauxite ores are landfilled each year in China. To study the potential for their beneficial co‐use, chemical looping gasification (CLG) was tested in which the organic residue was used as the fuel and the red mud was the oxygen carrier that is needed for CLG. Parametric testing was performed using a thermo‐gravimetric analyzer and a bench‐scale fluidized bed reactor to optimize CLG operations that could maximum syngas production, enrich H2 concentrations and obtain effective conversion of the residue. Physical and chemical characterization of the organic residue and red mud before and after CLG testing showed that some filamentous ash from the organic residue remained on the surface after testing, and potassium from the organic residue migrated onto the surface of the oxygen carrier. The characterization and testing results suggested that CLG may be an advantageous technology to effectively convert an organic waste into syngas and an inorganic waste into a usable product, thereby establishing an approach for beneficial waste resource utilization.

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Formation of NOx precursors during wheat straw pyrolysis and gasification with O2 and CO2

Cited by 66 publications

References 22 publications

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

Emissions of nitrogen‐containing organic compounds from the burning of herbaceous and arboraceous biomass: Fuel composition dependence and the variability of commonly used nitrile tracers

Co‐use of organic herbal residue and red mud waste for syngas production by chemical looping gasification

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