Formation of nanostructured surface layer on AISI 304 stainless steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment

Zhang, H.W; Hei, Z. K.; Liu, G; Lü, Jian; Lu, K.

doi:10.1016/s1359-6454(02)00594-3

Cited by 648 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Mechanisms of the grain refinement, formation of nanocrystalline, and twins have been discussed elsewhere by other researchers [13,14,16]. The untreated and SMATed samples were then GTA-welded separately at the same conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) is a new and potentially effective method to produce nanostructured surface layers in bulk materials. Investigations indicate that the grain refinement via SMAT process can cause the formation of twins in the materials with low-stacking fault energy, for example, in 304 stainless steel [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. So, in this paper an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of nano grains and twins formation in the 304 stainless steel (by using SMAT) on the prevention of weld-decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevention of weld-decay in austenitic stainless steel by using surface mechanical attrition treatment

2012

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Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was applied to the samples of a type AISI 304 stainless steel in order to induce grain refinement as well as formation of twins. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that the average grain size at the surface of the SMATed sample was about 10 nm. The untreated and SMATed samples were then welded using a one-pass gas tungsten arc procedure. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the samples was examined by optical microscopy and corrosion tests. Results of the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation tests showed that the degree of sensitization in the HAZ for the SMATed sample was very low as compared to that of the untreated one. The pre-SMATed sample was resistant to intergranular corrosion. This is mainly due to the formation of high density of twins which are not prone to carbide precipitation because of their regular and coherent atomic structure and extreme low grain boundary energy as compared with those of other grain boundaries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of weld-decay in austenitic stainless steel by using surface mechanical attrition treatment

2012

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“…Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), the process used for the fabrication of these nanocrystalline and nanotwinned ultrafine crystalline plate, generates a gradient of ultrafine crystal grain sizes ( [8,7]). Subsequent coating with a nitriding layer further refines the grains on the top layer to the nanoscale [9,7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Grain size gradient length scale in ballistic properties optimization of functionally graded nanocrystalline steel plates

et al. 2013

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The last few years have highlighted the existence of two relevant length scales in the quest to ultrahigh-strength polycrystalline metals. Whereas the microstructural length scale -e.g. grain or twin size -has mainly be linked to the well-established Hall-Petch relationship, the sample length scale -e.g. nanopillar size -has also proven to be at least as relevant, especially in microscale structures. In this letter, a series of ballistic tests on functionally graded nanocrystalline plates are used as a basis for the justification of a "grain size gradient length scale" as an additional ballistic properties optimization parameter.Recent research works fueled by the recent advances in fabrication processes have emphasized the need to better understand naturally or artificially made size effects in materials in order to enhance their properties [1]. Material strength, more particularly, has been found to be microstructurally linked to two length scales [2], The microstructural length scale -or intrinsic length scale -is related to the size of the material building block micro-or nanostructures. In polycrystalline metals, the most common examples are the grain and/or twin sizes which, refined to the nanometer range (<100«7«), effectively reduce the dislocations mobility, and thus achieve very high yield strength and surface hardness -as predicted by the Hall-Petch equation [3,4]. The second length scale -or extrinsic length scale -is related to the sample size. In metals, the typical example is the ultrahigh strength of monocrystalline nanopillars [5], directly related to the size-dependent scarcity of initial dislocations (starved first before further nucleation [6]).A recent experimental-numerical campaign has highlighted the potential of nanocrystals and nanotwinned ultrafine crystals steel for ballistic protection systems [7]. In this reference, hybridization with a carbon fiber-epoxy composite layer was proposed as a way to improve the nanocrystalline brittleness without dramatically increasing the overall weight. Ultimately, nanocrystalline and nanotwinned ultrafine crystals exhibited a lower ballistic energy absorption than coarse-grained steel, but at equal ballistic limit or weight prior to penetration, deformation in the impact direction was found to be smaller by nearly 40% [7].Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), the process used for the fabrication of these nanocrystalline and nanotwinned ultrafine crystalline plate, generates a gradient of ultrafine crystal grain sizes ([8,7]). Subsequent coating with a nitriding layer further refines the grains on the top layer to the nanoscale [9,7]. Both processes are nevertheless localized at the surface, leading to a gradient of grain size ranging from the targeted nanocrystals to

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“…Schematic displaying the reversible twinning transformation of Nitinol during loading and unloading [6] …6 4. Atomic arrangement of Face Centered Cubic (FCC) of austenitic 304 Stainless steel [9] … 7 5. Atomic arrangement of CsCl Structure of austenitic Nitinol [9] … 7 6.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atomic arrangement of Face Centered Cubic (FCC) of austenitic 304 Stainless steel [9] … 7 5. Atomic arrangement of CsCl Structure of austenitic Nitinol [9] … 7 6. Misfit Stress caused by expansion or compression of equilibrium lattice spacing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oxidation on Weld Strengthof Dissimilar Resistance Weld Interface Between 304 Stainless Steeland Near Equiatomic Austenitic Nitinol Guide Wire

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Formation of nanostructured surface layer on AISI 304 stainless steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment

Cited by 648 publications

References 29 publications

Prevention of weld-decay in austenitic stainless steel by using surface mechanical attrition treatment

Prevention of weld-decay in austenitic stainless steel by using surface mechanical attrition treatment

Grain size gradient length scale in ballistic properties optimization of functionally graded nanocrystalline steel plates

Effect of Oxidation on Weld Strengthof Dissimilar Resistance Weld Interface Between 304 Stainless Steeland Near Equiatomic Austenitic Nitinol Guide Wire

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