Formation of nanogratings driven by ultrafast laser irradiation in mid-IR heavy oxide glasses

Yao, Han; Zaiter, Rayan; Cavillon, Maxime; Delullier, Pierre; Lü, Bo; Cardinal, Thierry; Dai, Yong; Poumellec, Bertrand; Lancry, Matthieu

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.07.012

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This is again a clue that viscosity should be the key factor here. The BaO-Ga 2 O 3 -GeO 2 (BGG) glass [ 42 , 43 ] exhibited a higher R and speed, but lower energy consumption. When the content of the alkali and alkaline earth cations increases, much more energy consumption is required for the formation of NGs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Formation of Nanogratings in Commercial Oxide Glasses by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

et al. 2022

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Nanogratings (NGs) are self-assembled subwavelength and birefringent nanostructures created by femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) in glass, which are of high interest for photonics, sensing, five-dimensional (5D) optical data storage, or microfluidics applications. In this work, NG formation windows were investigated in nine commercial glasses and as a function of glass viscosity and chemical composition. The NG windows were studied in an energy—frequency laser parameter landscape and characterized by polarizing optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pure silica glass (Suprasil) exhibits the largest NG window, whereas alkali borosilicate glasses (7059 and BK7) present the smallest one. Moreover, the NG formation windows progressively reduced in the following order: ULE, GeO2, B33, AF32, and Eagle XG. The NG formation window in glasses was found to decrease with the increase of alkali and alkaline earth content and was correlated to the temperature dependence of the viscosity in these glasses. This work provides guidelines to the formation of NGs in commercial oxide glasses by FLDW.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Formation of Nanogratings in Commercial Oxide Glasses by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, the pulse energy was varied from 0.3 to 1.6 μJ and the laser polarizations were in Xx and Xy configurations (X, laser writing orientation and x, y so-called laser polarization direction 0° and 90°, respectively). Polarization-dependent birefringence, characteristic to the presence of nanogratings, were confirmed by field-emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) and the results are published elsewhere 19 . Pulse energies 0.3 and 0.5 µJ correspond to type I regime, while 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 correspond to type II regime 19 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Polarization-dependent birefringence, characteristic to the presence of nanogratings, were confirmed by field-emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) and the results are published elsewhere 19 . Pulse energies 0.3 and 0.5 µJ correspond to type I regime, while 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 correspond to type II regime 19 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…2 e) presents the molecular O 2 distribution. We clearly see that the oxygen is located only on the head where the nanogratings are formed 19 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Recently, as classically observed in irradiated silicate glasses, different modification regimes were successfully reproduced in derived barium gallo-germanates depending on the laser pulse energy: Type I (permanent isotropic refractive index), Type II (birefringence attributed to self-assembled nanogratings) and spatial broadening regime (laser tracks become much larger than the beam size) 19 . Among the different studied derived BGGs, zinc barium gallo-germanate glass (8%ZnO-BGG) presented the highest birefringence indicating its high potential to be used for birefringence integrated optical applications 19 . On this basis, authors want to go further and understand better the different mechanisms occurring during the laser irradiation in this glass.…”

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confidence: 71%

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Optical and structural characterization of femtosecond laser written micro-structures in germanate glass

Zaiter

Lancry

Fargues

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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We report on direct femtosecond laser writing in zinc barium gallo-germanate glasses. A combination of spectroscopic techniques allows to progress in the understanding of the mechanisms taking place depending on the energy. In the first regime (type I, isotropic local index change) up to 0.5 µJ, the main occurrence is the generation of charge traps inspected by luminescence, together with separation of charges detected by polarized second harmonic generation measurements. At higher pulse energies notably at the threshold corresponding to 0.8 µJ or in the second regime (type II modifications corresponding to nanograting formation energy domain), the main occurrence is a chemical change and re-organization of the network evidenced by the appearance of molecular O2 seen in the Raman spectra. In addition, the polarization dependence of the second harmonic generation in type II indicates that the organization of nanogratings may be perturbed by the laser-imprinted electric field.

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Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing Nanogratings and their Engineering in Transparent Materials

Yao,

Pugliese,

Lancry

et al. 2024

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Femtosecond laser direct writing is a powerful technique for fabricating micro‐nano devices as it can modify the interior of transparent optical materials in a spatially selective manner through nonlinear multi‐photon absorption. In this context, laser‐induced nanogratings, i.e., a sub‐wavelength assembly of nanolayers (≈20 nm in width, ≈200 nm period), are ultrashort self‐organized structures created by light in the bulk of transparent materials. These have been intensively explored over the last two decades opening a novel era of micro photonic devices due to their unique physicochemical properties, like orientable form birefringence, anisotropic light scattering, highly selective chemical etching, optical chirality, and extraordinary thermal stability. This review provides a throughout overview of the advances in this field, specifically focused on the formation of nanogratings, optical properties that can be exploited in various transparent solids, and the related main applications. Also, the fundamental characteristics, formation mechanism, tuning methods of nanogratings are reviewed.

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Formation of nanogratings driven by ultrafast laser irradiation in mid-IR heavy oxide glasses

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

On the Formation of Nanogratings in Commercial Oxide Glasses by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

On the Formation of Nanogratings in Commercial Oxide Glasses by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Optical and structural characterization of femtosecond laser written micro-structures in germanate glass

Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing Nanogratings and their Engineering in Transparent Materials

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