Formation of membranes by repeating units

Green, D.E.; Allmann, David W.; Bachmann, E. Theodore; Baum, Harold; Kopaczyk, Krystyna C.; Korman, Ephraim F.; Lipton, S. H.; MacLennan, David H.; McConnell, David G.; Perdue, James F.; Rieske, John S.; Tzagoloff, Alexander

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(67)90461-4

Cited by 130 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A single layered sheet of lipoprotein is generated which curves and finally fuses at its open ends into a vesicular membrane. Removal of lipid from such a membrane produces disaggregation and bunching of the altered repeating units into chaotic, nonmembranous structures (33). A similar sequence of lipid depletion followed by membrane disorganization may underlie the fragmentation of incubated red cells observed in the present studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Alternatively, abundant data have been collected and reviewed recently by Korn (35), which suggest that membrane lipid-protein bonds are, in fact, hydrophobic (34), and that the resulting lipoprotein units are repeating and are bound together by these same forces. In one current model of membrane structure offered by Green and his coworkers (33), this unit is coated only on its upper and lower surfaces with lipid. Neighboring units, which are similarly coated, are prevented from attachment except at mutually uncovered (protein) side surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Membrane Lipid Depletion in Hyperpermeable Red Blood Cells: Its Role in the Genesis of Spherocytes in Hereditary Spherocytosis*

Jacob¹

1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abstract. Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) red cells lose membrane lipids excessively during incubation in vitro. Individual phosphatides as well as cholesterol are lost in proportion to their content in membranes, suggesting that fragments of membrane are removed. Supplementation of HS red cells with glucose during incubation has no consistent protective effect, whereas diminishing the excessive sodium flux through these cells by suspending them in either sodium-free or hypertonic media prevents membrane fragmentation. The characteristic excessive increase in osmotic fragility which occurs in incubated HS red cells results both from inordinate accumulation of intracellular sodium ions which produces osmotic swelling, and from depletion of surface material which generates microspherocytosis. Inhibiting both of these processes by incubating HS red cells in sodium-free media completely prevents increases in osmotic fragility despite prolonged incubation.Normal red cells rendered hyperpermeable to cations by exposure either to n-butanol or to inhibitors of membrane sulfhydryl groups, lose membrane lipid upon incubation in a similar fashion to untreated HS red cells; perfectly smooth microspherocytes, akin to those seen in HS, are thereby generated.I conclude that depletion of membrane lipids in HS which leads to microspherocytosis is correlatable with the excessive cation flux and possibly to the stimulated metabolism of acidic phosphatides in these red cells. It is suggested that this relation is derived from the fact that these phosphatides are in some way involved in maintaining the proper alignment of repeating membrane lipoprotein units, and that this function is adversely affected when these molecules are turning over more rapidly in response to increased cation flux. IntroductionRecent evidence has demonstrated that the hemolytic process in hereditary spherocytosis (HS) involves disordered physiology of the red cell membrane (1). Two processes have received attention: (a) altered flux of sodium ions through

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Lipid Depletion in Hyperpermeable Red Blood Cells: Its Role in the Genesis of Spherocytes in Hereditary Spherocytosis*

Jacob¹

1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Although proteins constitute the major components of membranes, it has only been in the past few years that investigations have begun to define their properties. Little will be said about the proteins in this discussion except to indicate that they have been described as "structural," "core," "catalytic," and "hydrophobic," and that on dissociation from the lipid they can be resolved into complex mixtures by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis (Green et al, 1967;Green and Perdue, 1966;Salton, 1967 a, b;Rottem and Razin, 1967). Some of the general features of the lipid components of cell membranes are listed in Table II.…”

Section: The Chemical Constitution Of Cell Membranes and Their Responmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lytic Agents, Cell Permeability, and Monolayer Penetrability

Saltón

1968

The Journal of General Physiology

144

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Cell lysis induced by lytic agents is the terminal phase of a series of events leading to membrane disorganization and breadkdown with the release of cellular macromolecules. Permeability changes following exposure to lytic systems may range from selective effects on ion fluxes to gross membrane damage and cell leakage. Lysis can be conceived as an interfacial phenomenon, and the action of surface-active agents on erythrocytes has provided a model in which to investigate relationships between hemolysis and chemical structure, ionic charge, surface tension lowering, and ability to penetrate monolayers of membrane lipid components. Evidence suggests that lysis follows the attainment of surface pressures exceeding a "critical collapse" level and could involve membrane cholesterol or phospholipid. Similarities of chemical composition of membranes from various cell types could account for lytic responses observed on interaction with surface-active agents. Cell membranes usually contain about 20-30 % lipid and 50-75 % protein. One or two major phospholipids are present in all cell membranes, but sterols are not detectable in bacterial membranes other than those of the Mycoplasma group. The rigid cell wall in bacteria has an important bearing on their response to treatment with lytic agents. Removal of the wall renders the protoplast membrane sensitive to rapid lysis with surfactants. Isolated membranes of erythrocytes and bacteria are rapidly dissociated by surface-active agents. Products of dissociation of bacterial membranes have uniform behavior in the ultracentrifuge (sedimentation coefficients 2-3S). Dissociation of membrane proteins from lipids and the isolation and characterization of these proteins will provide a basis for investigating the specificity of interaction of lytic agents with biomembranes.The lysis or clearing of cell suspensions by lytic agents and lytic systems is the terminal phase of what has long been regarded as an interfacial phenomenon and has been the subject of intensive investigations for many decades. Much valuable information about the nature of cell surfaces had been deduced from these studies, at a time when the cellular membranes and walls were not amenable to the techniques of isolation now commonly employed. With the tremendous growth of our knowledge of the chemistry and structural organization of cell surfaces during the past 10 years, we are in a position to 227 s

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“…By this procedure, phospholipids are.efficiently removed from the complex as listed in Table 1. Phospholipid depletion aggregated the complex to various degrees that could be detected by electron microscopy as mentioned by Green-et dL (13).-Aggregation resulted in three elution peaks (the number of such peaks can be variable), but the specific cytochrome cl content was constant in all fractions (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization of cytochrome bc1 complex.

Ozawa¹,

Tanaka²,

Shimomura³

1983

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Complex Ill (cytochrome bc, particle; ubiquinol:ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.2.2) was purified from beefheart mitochondria by a combination of hydrophobic interaction and affinity chromatography. By washing the complex with detergent on the hydrophobic interaction column, phospholipids were effectively depleted; 7 mol of cardiolipin per mol ofcytochrome cl was retained in the final sample. NaDodSO4 gel electrophoresis showed nine polypeptide subunits in the sample. The molecular weight of the complex was estimated to be =225,000 from the specific heme cl content and the subunit composition. The purified complex was crystallized by slow removal of the detergent in which the complex was dispersed. Electron micrographs and electron diffraction patterns showed that -the crystal is hexagonal with unit cell dimensions a = b = 113 A, c = 132 A, and with angles a = (3 = 900, y = 1200. The role of bound cardiolipin in the structural integrity ofthe complexwas discussed.

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Formation of membranes by repeating units

Cited by 130 publications

References 42 publications

Membrane Lipid Depletion in Hyperpermeable Red Blood Cells: Its Role in the Genesis of Spherocytes in Hereditary Spherocytosis*

Membrane Lipid Depletion in Hyperpermeable Red Blood Cells: Its Role in the Genesis of Spherocytes in Hereditary Spherocytosis*

Lytic Agents, Cell Permeability, and Monolayer Penetrability

Crystallization of cytochrome bc1 complex.

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