Formation of lava tubes and extensive flow field during the 1991–1993 eruption of Mount Etna

Calvari, Sonia; Pinkerton, Harry

doi:10.1029/97jb03388

Cited by 187 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Rubble levees begin to form in response to the backpressure created by the rheologically stiffened flow front (Calavari & Pinkerton, 1998;Bailey et al 2006). As the front advances, the rheologically and texturally zoned material is pushed aside by the caterpillar motion of the cooled surface, aided by the mobile fluid interior (Peterson & Tilling, 1980;Fig.…”

Section: C Implications Of Levee Structures: Modes Of Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed studies of basaltic or basaltic andesite lava flows have been dominated by investigations at only a few volcanoes, for example, Hawaiian volcanoes (Soule, Cashman & Kauahikaua, 2004;Harris et al 2009;Ball, Pinkerton & Harris, 2008), Longquimay, Chile (Naranjo et al 1992) and Etna, Italy (Polacci & Papale, 1997Calavari & Pinkerton, 1998Guest et al 1987;Guest & Stofan, 2005;Bailey et al 2006). There is need to examine case studies elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon Volcano (West Africa) and their bearing on the emplacement dynamics of volume-limited flows

et al. 2010

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-The morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon volcano are documented and discussed in relation to local and source dynamics. Structures are analysed qualitatively and more detailed arguments are developed on the processes of levee formation and systematic links between flow dynamics and levee-channel interface geometry. The flows have clear channels bordered by four main types of levees: initial, accretionary, rubble and overflow levees. Thermally immature pahoehoe lava units with overflow drapes define the proximal zone, whereas rubble and accretionary levees are common in the distal region bordering thermally mature aa clinker or blocky aa flow channels. Pressure ridges, squeeze-ups and pahoehoe ropes are the prevalent compressive structures. Standlines displayed on clinkery breccias are interpreted to represent leveechannel interactions in response to changing flow levels. These data complement previous knowledge on lava flow morphology, thus far dominated by Etnean and Hawaiian examples.

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Section: C Implications Of Levee Structures: Modes Of Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon Volcano (West Africa) and their bearing on the emplacement dynamics of volume-limited flows

et al. 2010

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“…Effusion rate is a crucial parameter when monitoring effusive eruptions since it controls the extension, morphology and shape of a lava flow field (e.g., [Calvari and Pinkerton, 1998], , [Kilburn, 1993], [Kilburn and Lopes, 1988], [Lombardo et al, 2009] and [Walker, 1973]). Thus, timely and at least daily effusion rate measurements are essential in support of lava flow monitoring and hazard mitigation.…”

Section: Effusion Rates and Erupted Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lava effusion — A slow fuse for paroxysms at Stromboli volcano?

Calvari

Spampinato

Bonaccorso

et al. 2011

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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The 2007 effusive eruption of Stromboli followed a similar pattern to the previous 2002-2003 episode. In both cases, magma ascent led to breaching of the uppermost part of the conduit forming an eruptive fissure that discharged lava down the Sciara del Fuoco depression. Both eruptions also displayed a 'paroxysmal' explosive event during lava flow output. From daily effusion rate measurements retrieved from helicopter-and satellite-based infrared imaging, we deduce that the cumulative volume of lava erupted before each of the two paroxysms was similar. Based on this finding, we propose a conceptual model to explain why both paroxysms occurred after this 'threshold' cumulative volume of magma was erupted. The gradual decompression of the deep plumbing system induced by magma withdrawal and eruption, drew deeper volatile-rich magma into the conduit, leading to the paroxysms. The proposed model might provide a basis for forecasting paroxysmal explosions during future effusive eruptions of Stromboli.

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“…During the past 1000 years, lava flows have reached the sea on at least three occasions, in A.D. ∼1030 and ∼1160 (or possibly 1224) [Tanguy et al, 2007;Guidoboni and Ciuccarelli, 2008] and in 1669 (Figure 1a). This is due to the fact that the development of lava tubes and ephemeral vents play a determining role in allowing lava flows to extend to greater distances [Calvari and Pinkerton, 1998;Crisci et al, 2003]. Unfortunately, the timing and location of development of such features is currently unpredictable and therefore cannot be simulated in the context of this methodology.…”

Section: Advantages and Shortcomingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that, for this first phase of simulations of which this paper is the result, Valle del Bove was excluded from our study as it does not have urbanized areas or significant infrastructures. Historically, most eruptions which have originated from this area remain confined to the valley [Romano et al, 1979], without extending into populated areas downslope, the most notable exception being the unusually voluminous and long-lived 1991-1993 eruption [Barberi et al, 1993;Calvari and Pinkerton, 1998]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the impact of lava flows at Mount Etna, Italy

et al. 2010

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[1] Forecasting the time, nature, and impact of future eruptions is difficult at volcanoes such as Mount Etna, in Italy, where eruptions occur from the summit and on the flanks, affecting areas distant from each other. Nonetheless, the identification and quantification of areas at risk from new eruptions are fundamental for mitigating potential human casualties and material damage. Here, we present new results from the application of a methodology to define flexible high-resolution lava invasion susceptibility maps based on a reliable computational model for simulating lava flows at Etna and on a validation procedure for assessing the correctness of susceptibility mapping in the study area. Furthermore, specific scenarios can be extracted at any time from the simulation database, for land use and civil defense planning in the long term, to quantify, in real time, the impact of an imminent eruption, and to assess the efficiency of protective measures.

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Formation of lava tubes and extensive flow field during the 1991–1993 eruption of Mount Etna

Cited by 187 publications

References 29 publications

Morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon Volcano (West Africa) and their bearing on the emplacement dynamics of volume-limited flows

Morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon Volcano (West Africa) and their bearing on the emplacement dynamics of volume-limited flows

Lava effusion — A slow fuse for paroxysms at Stromboli volcano?

Predicting the impact of lava flows at Mount Etna, Italy

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