Formation of germ cell cluster in tubuliferan thrips (Thysanoptera)

Transcriptome analysis of female western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, exhibiting neo-panoistic ovarian development

“…provided new insight into the evolution of insect ovaries. Later, tubuliferan thrips also showed germ cell clusters, indicating that the neo-panoistic ovariole-type prevailed in Thysanoptera [17]. This was supported by our current study using F. occidentalis ovarioles, which did not have nurse cells in the follicles, while a germ cell cluster was found in the germarium.…”

“…Stys et al [ 14 ] called this type of ovary “neo-panoistic.” Thus, the thysanopteran ovary provided new insight into the evolution of insect ovaries. Later, tubuliferan thrips also showed germ cell clusters, indicating that the neo-panoistic ovariole-type prevailed in Thysanoptera [ 17 ]. This was supported by our current study using F .…”

“…JH acid methyltransferase (JHAMT), JH esterase/ JH epoxide hydrolase, and Met involved in JH synthesis, JH degradation, and the JH receptor, DEGs between transcripts at 0 h and 36 h after adult emergence and 60 h AAE represents DEGs between transcripts at 0 h and 60 h after adult emergence. KEGG categories include alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (1), amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (2), apoptosis (3), arachidonic acid metabolism (4), ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (5), autophagy (6), biosynthesis of amino acids (7), biosynthesis of cofactors (8), biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars (9), biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (10), carbon metabolism (11), citrate cycle (12), cysteine and methionine metabolism (13), cytochrome P450 ( 14), ECM-receptor interaction (15), endocytosis (16), fatty acid biosynthesis (17), fatty acid elongation (18), fatty acid metabolism (19),folate biosynthesis (20), foxO signaling pathway (21), fructose and mannose metabolism (22), glutathione metabolism (23), glycerolipid metabolism (24), glycerophospholipid metabolism (25), glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (26), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (27), inositol phosphate metabolism (28), longevity regulating pathway (29), lysine degradation (30), lysosome (31), MAPK signaling pathway (32), metabolic pathways (33), mitophagy (34), glycan biosynthesis (35), nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism (36), nucleotide metabolism (37), oxidative phosphorylation (38), pentose and glucoronate interconversions (39), pentose phosphate pathway (40), phagosome (41), protein export (42), protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (43), purine metabolism (44), pyruvate metabolism (45), starch and sucrose metabolism (46), steroid biosynthesis (47), thiamine metabolism (48), Toll and Imd signaling pathway (49), various types of N-glycan biosynthesis (50), vitamin B6 metabolism (51), and Wnt signaling pathway (52).…”

PGE2 mediation of egg development in Western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis

“…The unique germ cell cluster in the germarium of thysanopteran insects suggests a neo‐panoitic type of ovarian development, in which oocyte/nurse cells are differentiated like meroistic ovarioles while the follicles do not have any nurse cells or connections with germarial nurse cells like the panoistic type (Tustusmi et al, 1995). This germ cell cluster was found in the ovaries of F. occidentalis .…”