Formation of ferritin-agaro oligosaccharide-epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticle induced by CHAPS and partitioned by the ferritin shell with enhanced delivery efficiency

Multifaceted Applications of Ferritin Nanocages in Delivering Metal Ions, Bioactive Compounds, and Enzymes: A Comprehensive Review

“…In the presence of urea, the enlarged ferritin channels facilitate the entry of EGCG into the ferritin compartment, while the higher molecular weight salvianolic acid B is blocked on the ferritin shell but can be connected to the surface of the ferritin nanocage through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces . Additionally, recent research has led to the development of a three-layered nanocomposite with a structure comprising agarooligosaccharides (exterior shell), ferritin (intermediate shell), and EGCG (core) . Remarkably, the agarooligosaccharides adhere to the exterior surface of rH-2F through binding forces, such as electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds.…”

“…29,104,105 Owing to the dimensions of the passageways, which are characterized to be in the approximate range of 0.3−0.5 nm, a magnitude generally exceeding that of the loaded bioactive compounds or nutritive pharmaceuticals, it thereby facilitates the effective encapsulation of these substances within its inner cavity. 106,107 For instance, through the utilization of recombinant rHuHF, it has become feasible to encapsulate carotenoids characterized by low thermal stability and poor water solubility successfully. 9,108 Similarly, leveraging the disassembly/reassembly characteristic of apo-recombinant soybean seed H-2 subunit ferritin (rH-2F), which disassociates into subunits at a pH of 2.0 and reassembles at a pH of 7.5, it is possible to encapsulate anthocyanins such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) within its internal cavity.…”

“…122 Additionally, recent research has led to the development of a three-layered nanocomposite with a structure comprising agarooligosaccharides (exterior shell), ferritin (intermediate shell), and EGCG (core). 106 Remarkably, the agarooligosaccharides adhere to the exterior surface of rH-2F through binding forces, such as electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. This structure significantly enhances the thermal stability of encapsulated EGCG and provides a more sustained release of EGCG.…”

“…The unique property of ferritin to encapsulate bioactive substances makes ferritin nanocages a promising candidate for encapsulating and delivering nutritional factors (Table ). Leveraging the disassembly and subsequent reassembly processes, diminutive bioactive compounds or nutritive pharmaceutical agents can be sequestered within the internal cavity of ferritin nanocages. ,, Owing to the dimensions of the passageways, which are characterized to be in the approximate range of 0.3–0.5 nm, a magnitude generally exceeding that of the loaded bioactive compounds or nutritive pharmaceuticals, it thereby facilitates the effective encapsulation of these substances within its inner cavity. , For instance, through the utilization of recombinant rHuHF, it has become feasible to encapsulate carotenoids characterized by low thermal stability and poor water solubility successfully. , Similarly, leveraging the disassembly/reassembly characteristic of apo-recombinant soybean seed H-2 subunit ferritin (rH-2F), which disassociates into subunits at a pH of 2.0 and reassembles at a pH of 7.5, it is possible to encapsulate anthocyanins such as cyanidin-3- O -glucoside (C3G) within its internal cavity . Moreover, the extension peptides of plant ferritin assume a crucial role in the stabilization of the cage-like structure.…”