Formation of dwarf ellipticals and dwarf irregular galaxies by interaction of giant galaxies under environmental influence

Abstract

A model is proposed for the formation of gas-rich dwarf irregular galaxies and gas-poor, rotating dwarf elliptical galaxies following the interaction between two giant galaxies as a function of space density. The formation of dwarf galaxies is considered to depend on a random variable, the tidal index Θ, an environmental parameter defined by Karachentsev et al. (2004), such that for Θ < 0 the formation of dwarf irregular galaxy is assured whereas for Θ > 0 the formation of dwarf ellipticals is preferred. It is found that for particular ranges of the interactive parameters the model predictions are in good agreement with the observed number density of the different galaxy types as a function of space density in four clusters of galaxies. This supports the fact that galaxy interactions do not all necessarily give rise to the formation of either dwarf irregulars or dwarf ellipticals. It is also shown that the formation of dwarf irregulars at high densities is much lower than that of dwarf ellipticals, and that the formation of the latter reaches a maximum at a particular space density, unlike the former. ThisEmail addresses: tanuka@iucaa.ernet.in (Tanuka Chattopadhyay), debsarma@rediffmail.com (Suma Debsarma), edavoust@irap.omp.eu (Emmanuel Davoust)Preprint submitted to Nuclear Physics B March 1, 2018 suggests that at high densities many dwarf irregulars are stripped of their gaseous envelopes to become dwarf elliptical.

The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey – X. Nuclear star clusters in low-mass early-type galaxies: scaling relations

“…As an example we mention the possibility that some of the non-nucleated galaxies form as gas-poor tidal galaxies, and therefore should show a dependence on environment (e.g. Okazaki & Taniguchi 2000;Chattopadhyay et al 2014). Since the non-nucleated galaxies have on average lower Sérsic indices, they may be more easily destroyed in the cluster centre by tidal forces than the more centrally concentrated nucleated galaxies.…”