Formation of disinfection by-products under influence of shale gas produced water

Huang, Kuan; Xie, Yuefeng F.; Tang, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.055

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…During oil production, a large amount of water is produced with a high load of organic and inorganic compounds, featuring extremely saline, oily, and toxic effluents for living beings. In general, for each barrel of oil produced, about three barrels of residual water are released [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the high risk to health and environmental imbalance [2,4], Brazilian and international environmental regulatory companies have established norms and regulations 2 of 25 related to the mandatory treatment of this produced water before its disposal or reuse [3]. In Brazil, the National Environment Council (CONAMA) is the main regulator of effluent release conditions and standards, establishing a maximum oil and wax content of 20 mg/L for disposal [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic and Performance Evaluation of a Porous Ceramic Membrane Module Used on the Water–Oil Separation Process: An Investigation by CFD

et al. 2021

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Wastewater from the oil industry can be considered a dangerous contaminant for the environment and needs to be treated before disposal or re-use. Currently, membrane separation is one of the most used technologies for the treatment of produced water. Therefore, the present work aims to study the process of separating oily water in a module equipped with a ceramic membrane, based on the Eulerian–Eulerian approach and the Shear-Stress Transport (SST k-ω) turbulence model, using the Ansys Fluent® 15.0. The hydrodynamic behavior of the water/oil mixture in the filtration module was evaluated under different conditions of the mass flow rate of the fluid mixture and oil concentration at the entrance, the diameter of the oil particles, and membrane permeability and porosity. It was found that an increase in the feed mass flow rate from 0.5 to 1.5 kg/s significantly influenced transmembrane pressure, that varied from 33.00 to 221.32 kPa. Besides, it was observed that the particle diameter and porosity of the membranes did not influence the performance of the filtration module; it was also verified that increasing the permeability of the membranes, from 3 × 10−15 to 3 × 10−13 m2, caused transmembrane pressure reduction of 22.77%. The greater the average oil concentration at the permeate (from 0.021 to 0.037 kg/m3) and concentrate (from 1.00 to 1.154 kg/m3) outlets, the higher the average flow rate of oil at the permeate outlets. These results showed that the filter separator has good potential for water/oil separation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic and Performance Evaluation of a Porous Ceramic Membrane Module Used on the Water–Oil Separation Process: An Investigation by CFD

et al. 2021

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“…Hydraulic fracturing is the stimulation method used to increase the production of tight oil and gas in the United States, Canada, China, and other areas (Badics & Veto, ; Bernard et al, ; Chalmers, Bustin, & Power, ; Wang, ; Werner, Vink, Watt, & Jagals, ). This method has a potential environmental impact on water, air, soil, and wellness of humans (Huang, Xie, & Tang, ; Parnell, Brolly, Spinks, & Bowden, ; Vidic, Brantley, Vandenbossche, Yoxtheimer, & Abad, ; Werner et al, ; Yang, Wang, Guo, & Xiong, ). These impacts main include (a) large water volumes are required during hydraulic fracturing: it is estimated that the total water volumes in West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA, were 5,383,743 ± 2,789,077 gal at 2014 (Chen & Carter, ); (b) many environmental hazardous elements including Ni, V, As, Cd, Pb, Co, and Ba can be released during hydraulic fracturing, which has the adverse impacts on the environment and wellness of humans (Chen & Carter, , ; Durant, Abualfaraj, Olson, & Gurian, ; Werner et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, shale weathering, especially black organic‐rich shale, can release many trace elements including U, Mo, Re, and some heavy metal elements like Ba and Pb to rivers and soils (Perkins & Mason, ). Due to the potential environmental and human impacts, hydraulic fracturing and shale weathering have attracted the concerns of many geologists and governments in recent years (Carpenter, ; Chen & Carter, , ; Durant et al, ; Huang et al, ; Werner et al, ; Yang, Zhang, Gao, Wei, & Su, ). However, shale gas extraction has only just begun in China but expanding rapidly; few attentions have been focused on the environmental impacts made by shale gas extraction (Yang, Wang, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy and geochemical investigation of Cambrian and Ordovician–Silurian shales in South China: Implication for potential environment pollutions

et al. 2019

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Rapid expansion of shale gas development in China raises environmental and human health concerns. Several studies present related information on these concerns in the United States and Canada, yet they are few in China at present. This paper presents a series of original and published mineralogical and trace elements data from two gas shales (Niutitang shale and Longmaxi shale) considered as producing gas shale in China. Mineralogical and geochemical data surveyed can be applied to evaluate the potential environment pollutions during shale weathering and hydraulic fracturing. After compilations of the mineralogical and trace elements data, we can conclude that (a) there is generally more pyrite compared with carbonate for Niutitang shales, indicating that Niutitang shales are more prone to generate the hydrogen ions than Longmaxi shales; (b) many of the environmental hazardous trace elements considered here show an association with organic matter and/or pyrite, indicating that these trace elements are prone to mobilize and release during shale weathering and hydraulic fracturing; (c) some environmental hazardous elements like As, Ni, and Ba that have extremely high concentrations in some regions as compared with the screening limits for soil and drinking water should attract more attention; and (d) clay-rich shale with abundant organic matter may be the most favourable shale gas reservoir for the Niutitang shale, especially for those shales in Lower Yangtze region. Moreover, more mineralogical and geochemical data will be required for a comprehensive environmental impacts assessment. KEYWORDS environmental and human impacts, mineralogy, pyrite oxidization, shale, South China, trace elements

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“…These discharges are unregulated because bromide has a high human and ecotoxicity threshold (Flury and Papritz 1993) and therefore poses little risk when discharged to the aquatic environment. However, increased bromide in source waters is well known to lead to increased formation of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water (Huang et al 2019;Richardson et al 2007;Singer 2004Singer , 1994Luong et al 1980). Bromine incorporation is linked to elevated toxicity of the formed DBPs (Cortés and Marcos 2018;Sawade et al 2016;Yang et al 2014;Echigo et al 2004;Plewa et al 2004), and the strongest epidemiological data for negative health outcomes (Chisholm et al 2008;Villanueva et al 2007) are associated with brominated trihalomethanes (THMs) observed in regions with elevated source water bromide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Changes in Bromine Incorporation into Drinking Water–Disinfection By-Products in Pennsylvania

Cadwallader

VanBriesen

2019

J. Environ. Eng.

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Bromide concentrations have been changing in rivers in Pennsylvania. Elevated bromide in source waters at drinking water treatment plant intake locations is expected to increase the formation and bromine incorporation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) that present health risks to consumers. Results from major drinking water distribution systems in southwestern and southeastern Pennsylvania taken during a national sampling effort (1997-1998) were compared with more recent data from these same systems (2012-2016). Sample sets were compared both temporally, across the nearly 20-year span between the first and final sampling periods, and spatially, comparing southwestern and southeastern Pennsylvania. Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and bromine incorporation data show little change in southeastern Pennsylvania. In southwestern Pennsylvania, TTHM decreased significantly, likely as a result of treatment modifications designed to comply with more stringent regulations. However, fractional bromine incorporation in THMs increased, indicating TTHM reductions were associated with reduced chloroform alone. Risk metrics prioritizing brominated species indicated no change in southwestern Pennsylvania despite the decline in the surrogate, TTHM, which is used for regulatory compliance.

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Formation of disinfection by-products under influence of shale gas produced water

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Hydrodynamic and Performance Evaluation of a Porous Ceramic Membrane Module Used on the Water–Oil Separation Process: An Investigation by CFD

Hydrodynamic and Performance Evaluation of a Porous Ceramic Membrane Module Used on the Water–Oil Separation Process: An Investigation by CFD

Mineralogy and geochemical investigation of Cambrian and Ordovician–Silurian shales in South China: Implication for potential environment pollutions

Temporal and Spatial Changes in Bromine Incorporation into Drinking Water–Disinfection By-Products in Pennsylvania

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