“…Such drift events are called subauroral polarization streams (SAPS), or subauroral ion drift (SAID) when the drift becomes more localized and intense, in excess of 1 km/s (Galperin et al, 1973;Smiddy et al, 1977;Spiro et al, 1979;Rich et al, 1980;Filippov et al, 1984;Anderson et al, 1993Anderson et al, , 2001PuhlQuinn et al, 2007). The ionospheric ion and electron temperature is enhanced, while the electron content and conductivity tend to be low (Galperin et al, 1986;Deminov and Shubin, 1988;Filippov et al, 1989;Anderson et al, 1991;Rodger et al, 1992;Ober et al, 1997;Figueiredo et al, 2004;Prölss, 2006), so that less power is drawn from the generator. A range of diverging field strengths exists (Karlsson et al, 1998); very strong fields and the associated drifts might produce stable auroral red arcs as a consequence of the ion and electron heating due to ion-neutral collisions (Hoch and Lemaire, 1974;Foster et al, 1994;Moffett et al, 1998).…”