“…[ 32 ] Sinha et al [ 33 ] describe a simple and effi cient production of nanosized Cu ° particulate using borohydride reduction, but note that oxidation is facile upon introduction of air. This latter observation is consistent with the known instability of metallic copper surfaces in the nanosize regime, [ 34 ] which has been reported to result in copper/copper oxide core-shell species (e.g., Cu/ CuO or Cu 2 O). [ 30 ] This rapid air oxidation process has been reported by others using the borohydride reduction method for copper, and these studies show that Cu ° nanoparticle surface oxidation can be prevented using thiol-based ligands that form compact monolayers on the metal surface, thereby protecting it from ambient oxygen.…”
Section: Fabrication Of Antimicrobial Nanoparticle Coatings On Naturasupporting
This paper describes a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) electrostatic self‐assembly process for fabricating highly efficient antimicrobial nanocoatings on a natural cellulose substrate. The composite materials comprise a chemically modified cotton substrate and a layer of sub‐5 nm copper‐based nanoparticles. The LBL process involves a chemical preconditioning step to impart high negative surface charge on the cotton substrate for chelation controlled binding of cupric ions (Cu2+), followed by chemical reduction to yield nanostructured coatings on cotton fibers. These model wound dressings exhibit rapid and efficient killing of a multidrug resistant bacterial wound pathogen, A. baumannii, where an 8‐log reduction in bacterial growth can be achieved in as little as 10 min of contact. Comparative silver‐based nanocoated wound dressings–a more conventional antimicrobial composite material–exhibit much lower antimicrobial efficiencies; a 5‐log reduction in A. baumannii growth is possible after 24 h exposure times to silver nanoparticle‐coated cotton substrates. The copper nanoparticle–cotton composites described herein also resist leaching of copper species in the presence of buffer, and exhibit an order of magnitude higher killing efficiency using 20 times less total metal when compared to tests using soluble Cu2+. Together these data suggest that copper‐based nanoparticle‐coated cotton materials have facile antimicrobial properties in the presence of A. baumannii through a process that may be associated with contact killing, and not simply due to enhanced release of metal ion. The biocompatibility of these copper‐cotton composites toward embryonic fibroblast stem cells in vitro suggests their potential as a new paradigm in metal‐based wound care and combating pathogenic bacterial infections.
“…[ 32 ] Sinha et al [ 33 ] describe a simple and effi cient production of nanosized Cu ° particulate using borohydride reduction, but note that oxidation is facile upon introduction of air. This latter observation is consistent with the known instability of metallic copper surfaces in the nanosize regime, [ 34 ] which has been reported to result in copper/copper oxide core-shell species (e.g., Cu/ CuO or Cu 2 O). [ 30 ] This rapid air oxidation process has been reported by others using the borohydride reduction method for copper, and these studies show that Cu ° nanoparticle surface oxidation can be prevented using thiol-based ligands that form compact monolayers on the metal surface, thereby protecting it from ambient oxygen.…”
Section: Fabrication Of Antimicrobial Nanoparticle Coatings On Naturasupporting
This paper describes a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) electrostatic self‐assembly process for fabricating highly efficient antimicrobial nanocoatings on a natural cellulose substrate. The composite materials comprise a chemically modified cotton substrate and a layer of sub‐5 nm copper‐based nanoparticles. The LBL process involves a chemical preconditioning step to impart high negative surface charge on the cotton substrate for chelation controlled binding of cupric ions (Cu2+), followed by chemical reduction to yield nanostructured coatings on cotton fibers. These model wound dressings exhibit rapid and efficient killing of a multidrug resistant bacterial wound pathogen, A. baumannii, where an 8‐log reduction in bacterial growth can be achieved in as little as 10 min of contact. Comparative silver‐based nanocoated wound dressings–a more conventional antimicrobial composite material–exhibit much lower antimicrobial efficiencies; a 5‐log reduction in A. baumannii growth is possible after 24 h exposure times to silver nanoparticle‐coated cotton substrates. The copper nanoparticle–cotton composites described herein also resist leaching of copper species in the presence of buffer, and exhibit an order of magnitude higher killing efficiency using 20 times less total metal when compared to tests using soluble Cu2+. Together these data suggest that copper‐based nanoparticle‐coated cotton materials have facile antimicrobial properties in the presence of A. baumannii through a process that may be associated with contact killing, and not simply due to enhanced release of metal ion. The biocompatibility of these copper‐cotton composites toward embryonic fibroblast stem cells in vitro suggests their potential as a new paradigm in metal‐based wound care and combating pathogenic bacterial infections.
“…In the spectra of samples 1 and 2, there is no absorption peak in the 560-570 nm wavelength region which appears as a result of collective oscillations of electrons in metallic copper particles [31]. The absence of this plasmon peak may be connected, for example, with oxidation of copper particles [32]. This hypothesis with regard to sample 1 was confirmed by the x-ray diffraction data.…”
supporting
confidence: 57%
“…In the spectrum of sample 2, there is a very weak absorption peak with center at λ ≈ 289 nm. This plasmon peak may be connected with the presence of copper nanoparticles of sizes under 4 nm [32,33]. Although, as shown below, the electron microscope studies confirm the presence of fine particles in the sample, according to x-ray diffraction data there is no copper in sample 1.…”
We used a pulsed electrical discharge in a liquid to obtain Cu-, WC-, and ZnO-containing nanoparticles. The effect of the discharge current and pulse duration on the morphology and phase composition of the synthesized material was studied by spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. We discuss possible mechanisms for nanoparticle formation in a discharge submerged in a liquid.
“…The XRD diffraction pattern showed the coexistence of two crystalline phases, i.e., metallic Cu and Cu 2 O. This obviously illustrates that the zero-valent copper nanoparticles formed in the chemical reduction stage go through decomposition due to limited stability of Cu [21] and Cu 2 O might be formed by oxidation [22]. All the nanocubes were indeed Cu and Cu 2 O; no other phase of copper oxide (CuO) was present.…”
Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysismentioning
confidence: 86%
“…The functional groups on the alkyl chains on the surface of the metal cluster take part a very vital role in controlling the conversion of zero-valent copper to their oxides [21]. As metal particles are generated in the aqueous phase, they are unstable by nature, and these metal atoms tend to agglomerate so as to decrease the total surface energy.…”
Development of improved methods for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles is of high priority for the advancement of material science and technology. Herein, starch-protected zero-valent copper (Cu) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by a novel facile route. The method is based on the chemical reduction in aqueous copper salt using ascorbic acid as reducing agent at low temperature (80°C). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements were taken to investigate the size, structure and composition of synthesized Cu nanocrystals, respectively. Average crystallite size of Cu nanocrystals calculated from the major diffraction peaks using the Scherrer formula is about 28.73 nm. It is expected that the outcomes of the study take us a step closer toward designing rational strategies for the synthesis of nascent Cu nanoparticles without inert gas protection.
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