Formation of C<sub>60</sub> fullerene-bonded-CNTs using radio frequency plasma

Duan, Suqing; Liu, Xia; Wang, Yanan; Shao, Dadong; Meng, Yue; Hayat, Tasawar; Alsaedi, Ahmed; Li, Jiaxing

doi:10.1039/c7ra01530e

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The diameter of the ring-like structures is ∼0.7 nm-very similar to that of C 60 , as shown in the inset to the right in Figure 2(b). The inset displays a TEM image of a C 60 molecule attached to a nanotube (Duan et al 2017). Another heated SiC grain from our sample is presented in Figure 2(c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Interstellar C₆₀ from Silicon Carbide Circumstellar Grains

Bernal

Haenecour

Zega

et al. 2019

ApJL

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We have conducted laboratory experiments with analog crystalline silicon carbide (SiC) grains using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The 3C polytype of SiC was used-the type commonly produced in the envelopes of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. We rapidly heated small (∼50 nm) synthetic SiC crystals under vacuum to ∼1300 K and bombarded them with 150 keV Xe ions. TEM imaging and EELS spectroscopic mapping show that such heating and bombardment leaches silicon from the SiC surface, creating layered graphitic sheets. Surface defects in the crystals were found to distort the six-membered rings characteristic of graphite, creating hemispherical structures with diameters matching that of C 60. Such nonplanar features require the formation of five-membered rings. We also identified a circumstellar grain, preserved inside the Murchison meteorite, that contains the remnant of an SiC core almost fully encased by graphite, contradicting long-standing thermodynamic predictions of material condensation. Our combined laboratory data suggest that C 60 can undergo facile formation from shock heating and ion bombardment of circumstellar SiC grains. Such heating/bombardment could occur in the protoplanetary nebula phase, accounting for the observation of C 60 in these objects, in planetary nebulae (PNs) and other interstellar sources receiving PN ejecta. The synthesis of C 60 in astronomical sources poses challenges, as the assembly of 60 pure carbon atoms in an H-rich environment is difficult. The formation of C 60 from the surface decomposition of SiC grains is a viable mechanism that could readily occur in the heterogeneous, hydrogen-dominated gas of evolved circumstellar shells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Interstellar C₆₀ from Silicon Carbide Circumstellar Grains

Bernal

Haenecour

Zega

et al. 2019

ApJL

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“…Defining from Oxford Dictionary [58], an allotrope of carbon with a large hollow spherical caged molecule comprising of 60 atoms or even more is termed fullerene. Some fullerene molecules with less than 60 carbon atoms have also been identified [59][60][61]. Buckminsterfullerene [59][60][61] (commonly referred as buckyball), a fullerene having 20 hexagonal and 12 pentagonal rings, with 60 carbon atoms (C60), each attached at the vertices of the polygons; was the first of its kind to be discovered and named after Richard Buckminster (Bucky) Fuller, in the year 1985, courtesy of Harry Kroto and Richard Smalley [1,62].…”

Section: Fullerenes Carbon Nanotubes and Nanobudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nasibulin et al [69] discovered exohedral nanobuds using covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes in two different single step continuous methods, in which the fullerenes were formed on Fe particles (as a catalyst) together with single-walled nanotubes during CO disproportionation. The successful synthesis of nanobuds via treatment using radio frequency plasma was first reported by Duan et al [61]. Methods for preparation of endohedral and exohedral fullerene and carbon nanotube hybrids by both covalent and non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotube walls are reported in a review by Vizuete et al [59].On the other hand, Wu and Zeng [62] proposed the engineering of 'periodic graphene nanobuds', by fusing or covalently bonding buckminsterfullerene onto graphene monolayer in 2008.…”

Section: Fullerenes Carbon Nanotubes and Nanobudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlimited potentials of carbon: different structures and uses (a Review)

2018

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Carbon is a unique chemical element whose different forms or allotropes are inexhaustible in number. It has been in use since antiquity and now, the possibility of manipulating the lattice structure of its crystalline allotropes, offers it unlimited advanced applications. This review aims at demonstrating certain aspects of engineering material in different applications. Various structures of some identified allotropes carbon, respective properties and uses of the allotropes were reviewed. Amorphous carbon materials find application mainly as fuels and sometimes as parent materials for synthesis of more useful chemicals. Their limited application was ascribed to their unstable irregular patterned structure which cannot be manipulated easily to meet further needs. Structurally, carbon exists in the sp3 and sp2 hybridized state in the crystal lattice of its crystalline allotropes. Due to the salient features of its allotropes, carbon finds application in energy generation and storage, optics, electronics, opto-electronics, electro-catalysis, corrosion control, bio-sensing (diagnostics), sensing, agriculture, water treatment, making of composite materials with unique properties and more. There is no limit to the application of carbon. It was recommended that renewable and sustainable alternative precursors for synthesis of carbon nanomaterials with crystal growth control be sought for.

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“…应体系又能够保持低温状态, 而且可以在不破坏CNTs 整体性质的情况下对其表面进行修饰 [22,23] , 材料的表面特性因接枝物质的不同而不同 [24] . 例如, 羧甲基纤维素 [ 2 5 ] 和壳聚糖 [ 2 6 ] 接枝到CNTs上分别提高了对 Pb(II)、U(VI)和Cu(II)的吸附性能.…”

Section: 低温等离子体是一种处于高度激发状态的不稳定气体电子能量高足够使反应物分子电离、激发而反unclassified