Formation of acrylic acid derivatives from the reaction of carbon dioxide with ethylene complexes of molybdenum and tungsten

Palladium‐ and Nickel‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Sodium Acrylate from Ethylene, CO2, and Phenolate Bases: Optimization of the Catalytic System for a Potential Process

“…All the base loss values reported are referred to the reaction with Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 Table 4 is given for comparison. [PdCl 2 (COD)]/dcpe/Zn showed the highest sensitivity towards base modifications.…”

“…[3] The carboxylation of olefins with CO 2 to access unsaturated carboxylic acids was investigated over the last decades in stoichiometric reactions [4] based on the early re- [ nontoxic solvents such as anisole instead of the previously reported tetrahydrofuran or chlorobenzene were found to lead to acrylate formation. [3] The carboxylation of olefins with CO 2 to access unsaturated carboxylic acids was investigated over the last decades in stoichiometric reactions [4] based on the early re- [ nontoxic solvents such as anisole instead of the previously reported tetrahydrofuran or chlorobenzene were found to lead to acrylate formation.…”

Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Uses as a Chemical Feedstock

“…The carboxylation of alkenes has been attempted using several transition-metal systems, such as Ni (0) [66], Ti [67], Fe(0) [68], Mo(0) [69] and Rh [70] as cata- lysts (Scheme 1.5 a). In all cases, a stoichiometric amount of metal atoms was used to afford stable carboxylates such as metallacycle or hydrido-acrylate, the product of formal insertion of CO 2 into the C-H bond of ethylene.…”

π-Complexes of Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten, Excluding those of Cyclopentadienyls and Arenes

“…30 More remarkably, the compounds [M(PMe 3 ) 4 (rj 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (M = Mo or W) react with CO 2 to give (2) in which the bridging aery late ligands originate from CO 2 -ethene coupling. 31 A theoretical study on this reaction has considered the importance o f rotation about the M-CO 2 bond in the initiation of the coupling process. 32 Head-to-tail dimerization of CS 2 is also promoted by [M(PMe 3 ) 4 (r| 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ], leading to formation of (3).…”