Formation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole during treatment and distribution of drinking water

Karlsson, Stig; Kaugare, S.; Grimvall, A.; Borén, Hans; Sävenhed, R.

doi:10.2166/wst.1995.0412

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It was also noticed that water treatment resulted in a decrease in 2,4,5-TCP content, whereas in drinking water of Warsaw (in January and March) as well as in drinking water of Tomaszów Mazowiecki (in January) the formation of 2,4,6-TCP was observed (Table 4). Similarly, Karlsson et al (1995) observed the formation of 2,4,6-TCP in drinking water during its disinfection with chlorine oxidants. Determined concentrations of 2,4,6-TCP (Table 4) were comparable to its amount detected in 12 Canadian distribution systems ranging from a trace to 3 μg/L (Alberta Environment 1985).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Analysis of annual fluctuations in the content of phenol, chlorophenols and their derivatives in chlorinated drinking waters

Michałowicz

Stufka-Olczyk

Milczarek

et al. 2011

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The obtained results showed the occurrence of phenol, guaiacol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), tetrachlorophenol (TeCP), and pentachlorophenol in drinking water of both cities. Occasionally, in the waters studied, the appearance of chloroguaiacols, 3-chlorosyringol, and some chlorocatechols were noted. It was also observed that the content of dissolved organic matter in river waters may have contributed to the formation of some phenols, e.g., phenol, guaiacol, 2,4,6-TCP, and TeCP in drinking water. Finally, it was found that there were no annual (seasonal) fluctuations in phenolic compounds contents in drinking waters examined.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Analysis of annual fluctuations in the content of phenol, chlorophenols and their derivatives in chlorinated drinking waters

Michałowicz

Stufka-Olczyk

Milczarek

et al. 2011

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chlorinated phenols, e.g. tetrachloro-and pentachlorophenol, are widely used as biocides [13] and are formed in the pulp mill bleaching process [14][15][16] and during the chlorination of water [17]. Chlorophenols are, moreover, metabolites of other anthropogenic precursors, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of halogenated methoxybenzenes and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the picogram m−3 range in marine air

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryHalogenated methoxybenzenes (halogenated anisoles) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) have been analyzed in marine air samples from the lower troposphere of the East Atlantic Ocean, taken on the German research vessel "Polarstern' during two cruises in 1993 and 1994, and in air samples from the North Pacific Ocean (1995). The high-volume sampling method, sample preparation and analysis by HRGC-ECD and HRGC-MSD-SIM are described. The effectiveness of a new graphitized-carboncovered silica sorbent (ANGI-Sorb B) for the sampling of semi-volatiles is demonstrated. Eight congeners of the halogenated anisoles and HCB were detected in almost all marine air samples. The concentrations of the chloroanisoles, which show a distinct north-south interhemispherical gradient, were between 0.2 and 145 pg m-3; for the bromoanisoles concentrations were between 0.2 and 42 pg m -3. Only a weak inter-hemispheric gradient was observed for HCB at levels of 10--40 pg m -3. Levels of HCB were approximately 100 pg m -3 in continentally influenced air. Biogenic and indirect anthropogenic sources of the halogenated anisoles are discussed.

show abstract

“…GU is representative of substituted phenols and is of interest as a potential woodsmoke marker in air samples 36. TCA is a representative polyhalogenated aromatic of interest as a disinfection by‐product in drinking water37 and is responsible for cork taint in wines at the parts‐per‐trillion (pptr) levels 38. BP, NA and FL are representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A coaxially heated membrane introduction mass spectrometry interface for the rapid and sensitive on‐line measurement of volatile and semi‐volatile organic contaminants in air and water at parts‐per‐trillion levels

Thompson

Creba

Ferguson

et al. 2006

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A coaxially heated membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) sampling interface is presented that demonstrates improved on-line performance for the direct measurement of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in air and water samples at parts-per-trillion levels. The device is based on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) capillary hollow fibre membrane (HFM) in a pneumatically assisted "flow-over" configuration that is resistively heated on the membrane interior via a coaxial nichrome wire, establishing a thermal gradient counter to the analyte concentration gradient. This arrangement allows for continuous and/or pulsed heating modes, affording excellent sensitivity for the on-line measurement of SVOCs while retaining sensitivity for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, the signal response time for SVOCs is reduced substantially over conventional "flow-over" MIMS interfaces. Separation and quantitation of analytes are achieved using quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.

show abstract

Formation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole during treatment and distribution of drinking water

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of annual fluctuations in the content of phenol, chlorophenols and their derivatives in chlorinated drinking waters

Analysis of annual fluctuations in the content of phenol, chlorophenols and their derivatives in chlorinated drinking waters

Analysis of halogenated methoxybenzenes and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the picogram m−3 range in marine air

A coaxially heated membrane introduction mass spectrometry interface for the rapid and sensitive on‐line measurement of volatile and semi‐volatile organic contaminants in air and water at parts‐per‐trillion levels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About