Formation Mechanism of Anodically Grown Free-Standing TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Array Under the Influence of Mixed Electrolytes

Hazra, Arnab; Bhowmik, Basanta; Dutta, K.; Manjuladevi, V.; Gupta, R. K.; Chattopadhyay, Partha; Bhattacharyya, P.

doi:10.1166/sam.2014.1760

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The NTs formation generally associated with the simultaneous action of oxidation at metal surfaces followed by selective dissolution of the oxide surface [10]. Clearly the rate and quality of oxide growth depends on the available amount of oxidizing species (H 2 O in the present case).…”

Section: A Structural Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Repeatability and Stability of Room-Temperature Acetone Sensor Based on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\hbox{TiO}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Nanotubes: Influence of Stoichiometry Variation

Bhowmik

Hazra

Dutta

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Relib.

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The oxygen vacancy (OV) variation of the electrochemically grown TiO 2 nanotube (NT) was achieved through stoichiometry variation by varying the volume of water in the electrolyte (NH 4 F with ethylene glycol) during anodization. By varying the water content (0%, 2%, and 10% by volume) in the mixed electrolyte, the morphology and stoichiometry of NTs were found to be varied dramatically. After detailed structural and morphological characterization by X-ray diffraction and field--emission scanning electron microscope and photoluminescence spectroscopy, the room-temperature acetone sensing was investigated by employing three distinct nanoforms derived through anodization. The reliability (i.e., repeatability and stability) of the sensors, as well as their response magnitude, was found to be greatly influenced by the variation in stoichiometry. The NTs derived with 2 volume percent H 2 O was found to offer the most promising response magnitude with excellent repeatability, whereas the best stability was ensured in the case of the NTs derived with 10 volume percent H 2 O. It was observed that an optimization of stoichiometry (OVs) and the surface-to-volume ratio is important in determining the response magnitude and repeatability. On the contrary, the stability is mainly governed by the stoichiometry only.Index Terms-Electrochemical anodization, TiO 2 nanotubes (NTs), stoichiometry variation, Oxygen vacancies (OVs), room temperature acetone sensing, repeatability and stability.

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Section: A Structural Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Repeatability and Stability of Room-Temperature Acetone Sensor Based on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\hbox{TiO}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Nanotubes: Influence of Stoichiometry Variation

Bhowmik

Hazra

Dutta

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Relib.

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“…To improve the first parameter (mentioned above), several oxide nanoforms have been widely investigated by the researchers across the globe. Among such nanoforms, nanorods and nanotubes (NTs) were found to be superior in improving sensing performance owing to their excessively high surface to volume ratio, which facilitates large amount of target species interaction sites [3]. On the other hand, characteristics and orientation of the electron transport path depends on the parameters like device structures, distance between the electrodes, geometry and position of the electrodes, and the electronic property of the semiconducting sensing material that bridges the two electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring of the Gas Sensing Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes by 1-D Vertical Electron Transport Technique

Hazra

Bhattacharyya

2014

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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Aligned TiO 2 nanotubes (NTs), having diameter of 75 ± 10 nm and length of 280 ± 20 nm were synthesized by electrochemical anodization technique. Two types of device configurations, viz., planar/lateral and metal-insulator-metal (MIM)/vertical sensor structures were fabricated with TiO 2 NTs as the sensing layer. Vertical 1-D electron transport technique of MIM configurations was found to be very effective over the random (across the connected tubes) electron transport kinetics of planar devices, in determining the vapor (ethanol) sensor characteristics like response time and operating temperature. The optimum operating temperature of ethanol sensing was found to be much lower (75°C) in case of MIM compared with its planar counterpart (150°C). In addition, MIM configuration offered four and six times faster response and recovery times, respectively, compared with the planar ones toward 100-ppm ethanol at 75°C. Sensing performance of the device configuration was correlated with the corresponding grain boundary model and carrier transport time with the help of 1-D electron transport path constituted of TiO 2 NT array.Index Terms-Ethanol sensor, fast response, low temperature, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configuration, planar configuration, TiO 2 nanotubes (NTs), vertical electron transport.

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“…These diffraction peaks can be assigned to the (101), (200), and (211) planes of the anatase phase, respectively. 21 This indicates that the crystal phase of TiO 2 NTbs transformed from the amorphous phase into anatase only after annealing and that no rutile phase appeared. However, no obvious peak for NiO was observed in the XRD spectra; this is possibly because of the small amount of assembled NiO or poor crystallization.…”

Section: Crystallite Structure Of Nio-tio 2 Ntbsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of NiO-doped TiO₂ nanotubes prepared by an impregnation–calcination method

Wang

Dai

Chen

et al. 2021

Journal of Chemical Research

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To improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, a series of NiO–TiO2 nanotubes (NTbs) is prepared by impregnating TiO2 nanotubes in a solution of NiCl2·6H2O at different concentrations. Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes are prepared by a two-step anodization process. Scanning electron microscopy images show that large particle agglomerates are formed for higher precursor concentrations, and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy results indicate that the atomic percentages of Ni in the NiO–TiO2 NTbs prepared with precursor concentrations of 100 and 300 mM are 1.95% and 4.23%, respectively. Electronic lifetime measurements show that the recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs is lower for NiO–TiO2 NTbs compared to that of TiO2. Specifically, the recombination rate of the sample prepared at 50 mM is the lowest, which is associated with the longest electron lifetime. Compared to unmodified TiO2 nanotubes, NiO–TiO2 NTbs exhibit improved results for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B.

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Formation Mechanism of Anodically Grown Free-Standing TiO₂ Nanotube Array Under the Influence of Mixed Electrolytes

Cited by 37 publications

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Repeatability and Stability of Room-Temperature Acetone Sensor Based on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\hbox{TiO}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Nanotubes: Influence of Stoichiometry Variation

Repeatability and Stability of Room-Temperature Acetone Sensor Based on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\hbox{TiO}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Nanotubes: Influence of Stoichiometry Variation

Tailoring of the Gas Sensing Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes by 1-D Vertical Electron Transport Technique

Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of NiO-doped TiO₂ nanotubes prepared by an impregnation–calcination method

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Formation Mechanism of Anodically Grown Free-Standing TiO2 Nanotube Array Under the Influence of Mixed Electrolytes

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Repeatability and Stability of Room-Temperature Acetone Sensor Based on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\hbox{TiO}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Nanotubes: Influence of Stoichiometry Variation

Repeatability and Stability of Room-Temperature Acetone Sensor Based on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\hbox{TiO}_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Nanotubes: Influence of Stoichiometry Variation

Tailoring of the Gas Sensing Performance of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes by 1-D Vertical Electron Transport Technique

Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of NiO-doped TiO2 nanotubes prepared by an impregnation–calcination method

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Product

Resources

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Formation Mechanism of Anodically Grown Free-Standing TiO₂ Nanotube Array Under the Influence of Mixed Electrolytes

Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of NiO-doped TiO₂ nanotubes prepared by an impregnation–calcination method