Formation mechanism and stability of the phase in the interface of tungsten carbide particles reinforced iron matrix composites: First principles calculations and experiments

Li, Zulai; He, Wei; Shan, Quan; Jiang, Yehua; Zhou, Rong; Feng, Jing

doi:10.1557/jmr.2016.268

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The WC p were mainly composed of WC and W 2 C phase identified by XRD, shown in Figure 1 . Referencing the W-C phase diagram and previous theoretical calculations, the temperature of WC decomposition reaction was around 1250 °C [ 12 ]. 2WC→W 2 C + C. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The reaction (1) could promote to generate more W 2 C [ 19 ]. The W 2 C would react with iron to generate Fe 3 W 3 C. According to our previous first principles calculation, the cohesive energy E coh of reaction between W 2 C and Fe was −0.01 eV/atom [ 12 ]. 3Fe + 3/2W 2 C→Fe 3 W 3 C + l/2C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the WC p /iron matrix surface composites have been extensively used in slurry pump, slurry elbow pipe, liner plate, roll fitting and so forth. These composites can be fabricated by cast infiltration [ 2 , 11 , 12 ], powder metallurgy [ 3 ], laser cladding [ 5 , 6 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], and so on, to generate great metallurgical bonding between the surface composite layer and the substrate due to the perfect wettability between WC p and molten ferrous alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Particle Shape of WC Governing the Fracture Mechanism of Particle Reinforced Iron Matrix Composites

Wang

Shan

et al. 2018

Materials

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In this work, tungsten carbide particles (WCp, spherical and irregular particles)-reinforced iron matrix composites were manufactured utilizing a liquid sintering technique. The mechanical properties and the fracture mechanism of WCp/iron matrix composites were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The crack schematic diagram and fracture simulation diagram of WCp/iron matrix composites were summarized, indicating that the micro-crack was initiated both from the interface for spherical and irregular WCp/iron matrix composites. However, irregular WCp had a tendency to form spherical WCp. The micro-cracks then expanded to a wide macro-crack at the interface, leading to a final failure of the composites. In comparison with the spherical WCp, the irregular WCp were prone to break due to the stress concentration resulting in being prone to generating brittle cracking. The study on the fracture mechanisms of WCp/iron matrix composites might provide a theoretical guidance for the design and engineering application of particle reinforced composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Particle Shape of WC Governing the Fracture Mechanism of Particle Reinforced Iron Matrix Composites

Wang

Shan

et al. 2018

Materials

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“…It can also be seen that when the temperature is lower than 1690 K, the stability of W 2 C in the coating decreases, and W 2 C begins to transform into WC and W phases. This means that at high temperature, the tungsten carbide particles melt at high temperature and undergo metallurgical reaction, and decompose into W 2 C and C [27]. In summary, WC particles melt at high temperature and undergo metallurgical reaction to decompose into W 2 C and C.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysis Of Interfacial Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of high wear resistance nickel based WC coating by carefully adjusting interface structure

Fan

Ou²,

Rong³

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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In recent years, many scholars have paid attention to wear-resistant coatings for shield machine cutterheads due to their very high consumption rates. Among these coatings, nickel-based tungsten carbide (Ni-based WC) is one of the best, showing both corrosion resistance and wear resistance. However, to further improve the wear resistance of such coatings, there are still numerous issues that need to be resolved. Herein, a new method, distinct from conventional methods, is presented. Specifically, the brittle phase W2C is not widely regarded as the main wear-resistant phase, but we were surprised to find that careful adjustment of its rigid structure can yield satisfactory results. Experimental results and first-principles simulations have indicated that the friction coefficient and weight loss of a coating with a suitable distribution of W2C are only half of those of a traditional Ni-based WC coating (about five times higher than those of the substrate), which can mainly be attributed to the excellent thermal expansion coefficient and hardness of the W2C phase. As we expected, the surface morphology of the material after wear revealed that the suitable W2C layer has a well-defined friction morphology. We hope to provide new ideas for the study of Ni-based WC coatings in shield machine cutterheads.

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“…[1][2][3][4] In addition to the well-known carbide WC, the lower carbides W 2 C and Fe 3 W 3 C are common in WC-Fe composites. 3,4 For instance, Fe 3 W 3 C is located in the interface region immediately adjacent to the W and/or W 2 C phases and is usually produced during sintering. 4 For these lower carbides, information on their mechanical properties is needed to assess their influence on the composites, for example, their relative contribution to hardness distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of the distinction in hardness of lower tungsten carbides: An experimental and ab initio theoretical study

et al. 2022

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The so-called lower tungsten carbides W 2 C and Fe 3 W 3 C often appear in tungsten carbide-reinforced iron matrix (WC-Fe) composites. The effect of their presence on the mechanical properties of the material, such as hardness, is not well understood. In this study, we extensively measured the hardness distribution in the WC-Fe composites and also performed hundreds of microhardness measurements to determine the hardness values for the lower carbides. The hardness values calculated by ab initio were compared, where the theoretical values of Fe 3 W 3 C had little difference from the experimental values. However, the experimentally obtained hardness data for W 2 C were significantly smaller than the reported theoretical data. Moreover, the experimental hardness values for W 2 C reported in the literatures are very different. To understand the origin of the discrepancy, the focused-ion-beam-transmission-electron-microscopy technique was used to obtain the high-resolution images of W 2 C, which revealed a high density of planar defects. As a further comparison, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations illustrate that the complex interactions between different atomic pairs in Fe 3 W 3 C make it difficult for this type of crystal defect to occur. The lattice of W 2 C can adjust-resulting in shuffle defects and stacking faultsto a certain degree affecting its hardness, which was not revealed in previous studies.

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Formation mechanism and stability of the phase in the interface of tungsten carbide particles reinforced iron matrix composites: First principles calculations and experiments

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

The Particle Shape of WC Governing the Fracture Mechanism of Particle Reinforced Iron Matrix Composites

The Particle Shape of WC Governing the Fracture Mechanism of Particle Reinforced Iron Matrix Composites

Preparation of high wear resistance nickel based WC coating by carefully adjusting interface structure

Origin of the distinction in hardness of lower tungsten carbides: An experimental and ab initio theoretical study

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