Formation mechanism and sintering behavior of Ba 2 Ti 9 O 20

Effect of dopants on synthesis of BaTi4O9 and Ba2Ti9O20 ceramics prepared by reaction-sintering process

“…BT4 phase was often observed in forming B2T9 by the solid-state reaction. Fang et al reported that BT4 phase appeared in the calcined mixture of BaCO 3 and TiO 2 at temperatures between 900-1200 • C. B2T9 phase appeared after 3 h calcined at 1200 • C but could not be completely formed even after calcined for 12 h. 24 While in the investigation of Yang et al, BaTi 5 O 11 and TiO 2 minor phases were formed along with BT4 major phase in the calcined mixture of BaCO 3 and TiO 2 at 1150-1200 • C for 2 h. B2T9 phase completely formed after calcined at 1200 • C for 70 h. 6 SEM photos of B2T9Z ceramics sintered at 1200-1350 • C for 4 h are illustrated in Fig. 6.…”

Transformation Kinetics of Ba2Ti9O20 with ZrO2 Additive

“…The result showed that there was no additional phase found at the ZrO 2 and BT29 interface. The other aspect, the nucleation of BT29 taking place at the highly stressed position, was proposed 18,19 . The residual stresses only induced from the difference of the thermal expansion coefficient between ZrO 2 and matrix act at room temperature, not at transformation temperatures (≥1200°C).…”

“…The ZrO 2 inclusion also showed the twinning features, which were formed under shear stress and often nucleated at highly strained positions. However, Fang et al 19 . proposed that the stressed matrix of BT14 grain impinged the formation of the BT29 phase.…”

Innovation of Tin Oxide Ceramic Manufacturing Process Based on WSN and Remote Visualization Technology

“…These bulk composite ceramics show great application prospects. For example, the mechanical strength is high, the preparation consistency is good, the process is simple, the cost is low, and the response is sensitive [ 14 ]. Neither of these two references is a mistake.…”