Formation Mechanism and Lattice Parameter Investigation for Copper-Substituted Cobalt Ferrites from Zingiber officinale and Elettaria cardamom Seed Extracts Using Biogenic Route

Abstract

Biogenic routes for the synthesis of nanoparticles are environmentally friendly, nontoxic, biocompatible, and cost-effective compared to traditional synthesis methods. In this study, cobalt ferrite was synthesized using Zingiber officinale and Elettaria cardamom Seed extracts. Effect of copper contents (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9) on the plant extracted Cux(Co1−xFe2O4) was investigated by XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-Vis., PL, FE-SEM, FTIR and photocatalytic activity. XRD results revealed that nanoparticles exhibit a cubical spinel structure with an average diameter of 7–45 nm, calculated by the Debye Scherer formula. The value of the lattice parameter decreased from 8.36 Å to 8.08 Å with substitution of copper, which can be attributed to mismatch of ionic radii of Cu2+ (0.73 Å) and Co2+ (0.74 Å) ions. SEM analysis showed that nanoparticles exhibit a spherical shape (~13 nm diameter) for undoped samples and low Cu concentration, while they changed to a hexagonal structure at higher Cu concentration (x = 0.9) with a diameter ~46 nm and a decreased degree of agglomeration. FE-SEM further confirmed the nanoparticles’ size and shape. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of cobalt, iron, and oxygen without contamination. The optical absorption spectra of UV-vis and PL showed red-shift, which can be accredited to larger crystalline sizes of nanoparticles. FTIR spectra showed two main bands at 410 and 605 cm−1, indicating the presence of intrinsic vibrations of the octahedral and tetrahedral complexes, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of Co0.4Cu0.6 Fe2O4 nanoparticles was investigated using methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes under visible light irradiation. The degradation rate (93.39% and 83.15%), regression correlation coefficient (0.9868 and 0.9737) and rate constant (0.04286 and 0.03203 rate·min−1) were calculated for MB and MO, respectively. Mechanisms for the formation and photocatalytic activity of Cu-substituted plant-extracted cobalt ferrite were discussed. The Co0.4Cu0.6 Fe2O4 nanoferrite was found to be an efficient photocatalyst, and can be exploited for wastewater treatment applications for MB/MO elimination.

Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity of CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Plant Extract

“…The broad peak at 3433 cm −1 indicates -OH stretching on the surface of the molecules [ 28 ]. The peaks at 1629 cm −1 ,1400 cm −1 , and 1124 cm −1 represent the amide, amine, and carbon groups that are involved in the reduction, capping, and stabilization of the CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles [ 29 , 30 ]. The Fe-O-Co interface and their bridge formations were attained from the phenolic compounds of the plant extract.…”

Green Synthesis of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles: An Emerging Material for Environmental and Biomedical Applications

“…MTT cytotoxicity assay was performed on the U87 cell lines (in a human primary glioblastoma cell line with epithelial morphology) and no cytotoxicity effect was observed [60]. Additionally, Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) roots [61], C. microphylla fruit extract [37], tamarind extract [62,63], agar-agar from red seaweed (Rhodophyta) [64], Azadirachta indica leaves extract [65], Chenopodium album leaf extract [66], Coriandrum sativum extracts [67], verjuice extract [68], Moringa oleifera leaf extract [69], ginger root extract/Elettaria cardamomum seed extract [70], and baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) [71] were successfully used for green synthesis of cobalt ferrite and related compositions.…”

Enhancing CIGS Solar Cell Performance with Erbium-Doped TiO2 Nanomaterial: Simulation Study

“…(14) According to Table 1, the volume of the unit cell for Er-doped TiO 2 shrank along with the drop of the average crystallite size, possibly signifying that the entry of Er 3+ ions led the surface area to rise by shrinking the unit cell, which is highly useful in photocatalytic behavior. (15) The capacity of the Er-TiO 2 nanomaterial to absorb light naturally increases with an increase in surface area. https://www.indjst.org/ (3) https://www.indjst.org/…”