Formation in vivo of volatile N-nitrosamines in man after ingestion of cooked bacon and spinach

Fine, David H.; Ross, Ronald; Rounbehler, David P.; Silvergleid, Arlene; Song, Leila

doi:10.1038/265753a0

Cited by 121 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Since most saliva is swallowed, about 80% of gastric nitrite in the normal acidic stomach arises from the reduction of ingested or endogenous nitrate [38] . Gastric nitrosation, which is carried out by nitrite, may produce unstable N-nitroso compounds that do not reach extra-gastric sites and act directly in the stomach to initiate gastric cancer, or may produce stable N-nitroso compounds that induce cancer at other sites [38,39] . Many epidemiological studies have reported a relationship between a high salt diet and gastric cancer [40][41][42][43][44][45] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kimchi and soybean pastes are risk factors of gastric cancer

Nan

Park

Song

et al. 2005

WJG

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AIM: This case-control study investigated the effects of kimchi, soybean paste, fresh vegetables, nonfermented alliums, nonfermented seafood, nonfermented soybean foods, and the genetic polymorphisms of some metabolic enzymes on the risk of gastric cancer in Koreans. METHODS:We studied 421 gastric cancer patients and 632 age-and sex-matched controls. Subjects completed a structured questionnaire regarding their food intake pattern. Polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) were investigated. RESULTS:A decreased risk of gastric cancer was noted among people with high consumption of nonfermented alliums and nonfermented seafood. On the other hand, consumption of kimchi, and soybean pastes was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Individuals with the CYP1A1 Ile/Val or Val/Val genotype showed a significantly increased risk for gastric cancer. Increased intake of kimchi or soybean pastes was a significant risk factor for the CYP1A1 Ile/Ile, the CYP2E1 c1/c1, the GSTM1 non-null, the GSTT1 non-null, or the ALDH2 *1/*1 genotype. In addition, eating soybean pastes was associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer in individuals with the GSTM1 null type. Nonfermented alliums were significant in individuals with the CYP1A1 Ile/Ile, the CYP2E1 c1/c2 or c2/c2, the GSTT1 null, the GSTT1 non-null, or the ALDH2 *1/*2 or *2/*2 genotype, nonfermented seafood was those with the CYP1A1 Ile/Ile, the CYP2E1 c1/c1, the ALDH2 *1/*1 genotype or any type of GSTM1 or GSTT1. In homogeneity tests, the odds ratios of eating kimchi for gastric cancer according to the GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype were not homogeneous.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kimchi and soybean pastes are risk factors of gastric cancer

Nan

Park

Song

et al. 2005

WJG

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“…Nitrate itself is a compound of low toxicity, but nitrate can be reduced to nitrite, the most toxic form with regard to human health, which can cause infantile methemoglobinemia. In addition, carcinogenic Nnitrosamines can be formed from nitrite (Fine et al, 1977), which is suspected of causing gastric cancer and other malignancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial assessment of animal manure spreading and groundwater nitrate pollution

2009

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Abstract. Nitrate concentration in groundwater has frequently been linked to non-point pollution. At the same time the existence of intensive agriculture and extremely intensive livestock activity increases the potential for nitrate pollution in shallow groundwater. Nitrate used in agriculture could cause adverse effects on human and animal health. In order to evaluate the groundwater nitrate pollution, and how it might evolve in time, it is essential to develop control systems and to improve policies and incentives aimed at controlling the amount of nitrate entering downstream water systems. The province of Caserta in southern Italy is characterized by high levels of animal manure loading. A comparison between manure nitrogen production and nitrate concentration in groundwater was carried out in this area, using geostatistical tools and spatial statistics. The results show a discrepancy between modelling of nitrate leaching and monitoring of the groundwater and, moreover, no spatial correlation between nitrogen production in livestock farms and nitrate concentration in groundwater, suggesting that producers are not following the regulatory procedures for the agronomic use of manure. The methodology developed in this paper could be applied also in other regions in which European Union fertilization plans are not adequately followed.

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“…The oral flora reduces some of the nitrate to nitrite. The nitrite that is swallowed has the potential of creating nitrosamines in the stomach that could lead to stomach cancer [2]. The bioavailability of ingested nitrate in vegetables has been determined to be 100% [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Ion Selective Electrode Based on Ion Imprinted Poly(N-methylpyrrole)

2017

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Abstract:A poly(N-methylpyrrole) based ion selective electrode (ISE) has been prepared by electro-polymerization of N-methylpyrrole using potassium nitrate as the supporting electrolyte. Electrochemical and chemical variables were used to optimize the potentiometric response of the electrodes and to maximize the selectivity for nitrate over potential interferences. The selectivity, longevity and stability of the ion-imprinted polymer give this electrode advantages over traditional nitrate ISEs. The best prototype electrode exhibits a linear potential response to nitrate ion within the concentration range of 5.0 × 10 −6 to 0.1 M nitrate with a near Nernstian slope of −56.3 mV per decade (R 2 = 0.9998) and a strong preference for the nitrate ion over other anions. The selectivity coefficients of the electrode were evaluated by the fixed interference method. The use of N-methylpyrrole has advantages over pyrrole in terms of selectivity and pH insensitivity.

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Formation in vivo of volatile N-nitrosamines in man after ingestion of cooked bacon and spinach

Cited by 121 publications

References 7 publications

Kimchi and soybean pastes are risk factors of gastric cancer

Kimchi and soybean pastes are risk factors of gastric cancer

Spatial assessment of animal manure spreading and groundwater nitrate pollution

Nitrate Ion Selective Electrode Based on Ion Imprinted Poly(N-methylpyrrole)

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